School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, 5262100, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Eur J Nutr. 2022 Feb;61(1):429-438. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
Milk consumption is associated with increased height primarily in early childhood. However, in adolescents, data are scarce with inconsistent results. Since height is a proxy for overall health and well-being, this study evaluated the association of dairy intake with height in adolescents.
Students in 7th-12th grades, participating in the 2015-2016 Israeli Health and Nutrition Youth Survey, a school-based cross-sectional study, completed self-administered questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (n = 3529, 48% males, 15.2 ± 1.6 years). Anthropometric measurements were also performed. Dairy servings were calculated as the calcium equivalent of 1 cup of milk, and consumption was divided into four categories from very low (< 1 serving/day) to high (3 + servings/day). BMI- and Height-for-age z scores (HAZs) were calculated according to WHO growth standard; relatively short stature (RSS) was defined as HAZ < - 0.7 SD (< 25th percentile). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of dairy intake with HAZ and prevalence of RSS, respectively.
Median consumption of dairy products was 2 servings/day, 1.4 from unsweetened products (milk, cheese and yogurt). Controlling for age, sex, BMI-z-score and socioeconomic status, each increment of unsweetened dairy intake was associated with on average 0.04 higher HAZ (equivalent to 0.3-0.4 cm, p < 0.05), and with reduced risk for RSS: OR 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97, p < 0.01. No such associations were found with sweetened dairy products.
Consumption of unsweetened dairy products (3-4 servings/day) appears to contribute to achieving growth potential in adolescents. Intervention studies are necessary to determine the causal relationship between dairy intake and linear growth.
牛奶的摄入与儿童早期的身高增长呈正相关。然而，在青少年中，相关数据很少，且结果不一致。由于身高是整体健康和幸福感的代表，因此本研究评估了青少年乳制品摄入量与身高的关系。
参与 2015-2016 年以色列健康和营养青少年调查的 7 至 12 年级学生是一项基于学校的横断面研究，他们完成了自我管理的问卷，包括半定量食物频率问卷（n=3529，48%为男性，15.2±1.6 岁）。还进行了人体测量学测量。乳制品摄入量计算为一杯牛奶的钙当量，摄入量分为四个类别：极低（<1 份/天）至高（3 份或更多/天）。根据世界卫生组织生长标准计算 BMI 年龄和身高年龄 z 评分（HAZ）；相对矮小（RSS）定义为 HAZ <-0.7 SD（<第 25 百分位数）。进行多变量线性和逻辑回归分析，以评估乳制品摄入量与 HAZ 以及 RSS 患病率的关系。
乳制品的中位数摄入量为 2 份/天，其中 1.4 份来自无糖产品（牛奶、奶酪和酸奶）。控制年龄、性别、BMI-z 评分和社会经济地位后，无糖乳制品摄入量每增加 1 份，平均 HAZ 增加 0.04（相当于 0.3-0.4cm，p<0.05），RSS 的风险降低：OR 0.90，95%CI：0.84，0.97，p<0.01。与加糖乳制品没有发现这种关联。
食用无糖乳制品（3-4 份/天）似乎有助于青少年发挥生长潜力。需要干预研究来确定乳制品摄入与线性生长之间的因果关系。
