Sinai Tali, Axelrod Rachel, Shimony Tal, Boaz Mona, Kaufman-Shriqui Vered
Israel Center for Disease Control, State of Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel.
School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Foods. 2021 Dec 8;10(12):3054. doi: 10.3390/foods10123054.
Dietary patterns (DPs), usually established in adolescents, are important modifiable risk factors in the etiology of malnutrition and chronic diseases. This study aimed to identify DPs of adolescents and examine their associations with growth, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics. A nationally representative, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Israeli adolescents aged 11-18 years during 2015-2016. A self-administered survey queried sociodemographics, health behaviors, and diet. Weight and height were measured, and WHO height z-scores and BMI cutoffs were calculated. Food frequency questionnaire data were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) to identify DPs. Associations between growth, lifestyle, and sociodemographic characteristics and DPs were modeled using multivariable logistic regressions. A total of 3902 adolescents (46% males, mean age 15.2 ± 1.6 years) completed the survey. PCA identified five DPs, accounting for 38.3% of the total variance. The first two prominent DPs were the 'plant-based food' DP, which was associated with the female sex, higher socioeconomic status, overweight/obesity, and healthy lifestyle and the 'junk food' DP, which was associated with lower SES, unhealthy lifestyle, and lower height z-scores. Our results elucidate major DPs that strongly correlate with lifestyle risk behaviors and suboptimal growth among adolescents. Implementing screening for DPs should be further examined to identify higher risk health factors among youth.
饮食模式（DPs）通常在青少年时期形成，是营养不良和慢性疾病病因中重要的可改变风险因素。本研究旨在确定青少年的饮食模式，并研究它们与生长、社会人口统计学和生活方式特征之间的关联。2015 - 2016年期间，在以色列11至18岁的青少年中进行了一项具有全国代表性的、基于学校的横断面研究。一项自填式调查问卷询问了社会人口统计学、健康行为和饮食情况。测量了体重和身高，并计算了世界卫生组织身高Z评分和BMI临界值。使用主成分分析（PCA）对食物频率问卷数据进行分析，以确定饮食模式。使用多变量逻辑回归对生长、生活方式、社会人口统计学特征与饮食模式之间的关联进行建模。共有3902名青少年（46%为男性，平均年龄15.2±1.6岁）完成了调查。主成分分析确定了五种饮食模式，占总方差的38.3%。前两种突出的饮食模式是“植物性食物”饮食模式，它与女性、较高的社会经济地位、超重/肥胖和健康的生活方式相关；以及“垃圾食品”饮食模式，它与较低的社会经济地位、不健康的生活方式和较低的身高Z评分相关。我们的结果阐明了与青少年生活方式风险行为和生长发育不良密切相关的主要饮食模式。应进一步研究实施饮食模式筛查，以确定青少年中更高风险的健康因素。
