Juhász Alexandra, Makaula Peter, Cunningham Lucas J, Field Lewis, Jones Sam, Archer John, Mainga Bright, Lally David, Namacha Gladys, Kapira Donales, Chammudzi Priscilla, LaCourse E James, Nkolokosa Clinton, Seto Edmund, Kayuni Sekeleghe A, Musaya Janelisa, Stothard J Russell
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
One Health. 2024 Oct 19;19:100918. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100918. eCollection 2024 Dec.
To shed first light on caprine schistosomiasis and its zoonotic potential in Malawi, we conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation, sampling goats ( = 230) across three districts, using faecal miracidia hatching test. Molecular genotyping of miracidia later revealed the prevalence of to be 0.0 % in Nsanje District ( = 30), 16.7 % in Chikwawa District (n = 30) and 25.3 % in Mangochi District ( = 170). Notably, a miracidium of was observed from a single goat in Chikwawa. Inspection of carcasses ( = 51) at two local abattoirs in Mangochi District did not find any evidence of caprine schistosomiasis where only a single herd, at Mangochi 3, was infected. Here, despite sampling several other herds nearby, the prevalence was 87.7 % ( = 49), with an animal found excreting 1000 miracidia per 5 g of faeces. At this location, our praziquantel treatment ( = 14) and GPS animal tracking ( = 2) pilot sub-study compared two local goat herds over a three-month period. The daily foraging ranges across a 10 km area were recorded, alongside targeted schistosome surveillance within local freshwater intermediate snail hosts. Analysis of GPS data revealed only one herd (infected) to have regular daily water contact with Lake Malawi whereas the other herd (not infected) totally avoided the lake. One week after praziquantel treatment administered at 40 mg/kg, anthelminthic cure rate was 92.3 % while at three months approximately a third of treated animals were shedding schistosome miracidia. Cercariae from several field-caught snails locally were genotyped, inclusive of finding a - hybrid. Our findings reveal the focalized nature of caprine schistosomiasis, signposting a novel alert for transmission, and highlight where zoonotic transmission can be intense. To better address zoonotic spill-over from (and/or ), the national control programme for schistosomiasis should formally develop targeted surveillance of caprine schistosomiasis and where appropriate, attempt an integrated One Health intervention in future.
为了初步了解马拉维的山羊血吸虫病及其人畜共患病潜力，我们开展了一项分子流行病学调查，在三个地区对230只山羊进行采样，采用粪便毛蚴孵化试验。对毛蚴进行分子基因分型后发现，在恩桑杰区（n = 30）的感染率为0.0%，在奇夸瓦区（n = 30）为16.7%，在曼戈切区（n = 170）为25.3%。值得注意的是，在奇夸瓦区的一只山羊体内发现了曼氏血吸虫的一个毛蚴。在曼戈切区的两个当地屠宰场对51具尸体进行检查时，未发现山羊血吸虫病的任何证据，仅曼戈切3号的一个畜群受到感染。在这里，尽管对附近的其他几个畜群进行了采样，但感染率为87.7%（n = 49），有一只动物每5克粪便中排出1000个毛蚴。在此地点，我们的吡喹酮治疗（n = 14）和GPS动物追踪（n = 2）试点子研究在三个月内对两个当地山羊畜群进行了比较。记录了在10公里区域内的每日觅食范围，同时对当地淡水中间宿主螺蛳进行了针对性的血吸虫监测。对GPS数据的分析显示，只有一个畜群（受感染）与马拉维湖有规律的日常水接触，而另一个畜群（未受感染）完全避开了该湖。以40毫克/千克的剂量施用吡喹酮治疗一周后，驱虫治愈率为92.3%，而在三个月时，约三分之一的治疗动物仍排出血吸虫毛蚴。对当地几只野外捕获的螺蛳的尾蚴进行了基因分型，包括发现一个曼氏血吸虫-埃及血吸虫杂交种。我们的研究结果揭示了山羊血吸虫病的局部性特点，为埃及血吸虫传播发出了新的警报，并突出了人畜共患病传播可能强烈的地点。为了更好地应对埃及血吸虫（和/或曼氏血吸虫）的人畜共患病传播，血吸虫病国家控制计划应正式开展针对山羊血吸虫病的目标监测，并在适当情况下，尝试在未来进行综合的“同一个健康”干预措施。
