Wang Bin, Yuan Xiao, Wang Guang, Zhu Yun-Na, Zhou Run-Chang, Feng Hui-Min, Li Hai-Bo
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Special Fruit and Vegetables in Northern Region, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shaoguan Horticulture in Shaoguan University, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Oct 23;11:1447084. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1447084. eCollection 2024.
Both selenium (Se) and anthocyanins are crucial for maintaining human health. Preharvest Se treatments could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis and augment Se levels in vegetables, helping to combat Se deficiencies in dietary intake. However, it remains unknown whether preharvest Se treatment could balance growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and what the appropriate treatment concentration is. In this study, preharvest treatments with sodium selenite at varying concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg) affect the growth and nutritional quality of purple leaf mustard () with abundant anthocyanins. Lower Se concentrations (≤10 mg/kg) of preharvest treatments enhanced photosynthesis, facilitated root system development, consequently elevated the biomass. Conversely, higher Se levels (≥30 mg/kg) reduced photosynthesis and biomass. The dosage-dependent effects of Se treatments were corroborated through seedlings cultivated in hydroponic conditions. Moreover, nearly all Se treatments elevated the contents of various nutrients in leaf mustard, particularly anthocyanin and organic se. These results suggest an overall enhancement in nutritional quality of leaf mustard plants. Furthermore, the application of 10 mg/kg Se significantly enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and upregulated the expression of 12 genes pivotal for anthocyanin biosynthesis, further demonstrating the fortified effects of Se enrichment on anthocyanins in leaf mustard. Low-level Se treatments resulted in heightened antioxidant activity (APX, CAT, and POD), mitigating reactive oxygen species induced by increasing Se content in tissues. The enhanced antioxidant activities may be beneficial for the normal growth of leaf mustard under Se stress conditions. In conclusion, our study demonstrated preharvest Se treatment at 10 mg/kg could balance the growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple leaf mustard. This study offers valuable insights into anthocyanin fortification through Se enrichment methods in agricultural practices, ensuring that such fortification does not compromise leafy vegetable yield.
硒（Se）和花青素对维持人体健康都至关重要。收获前进行硒处理可促进花青素生物合成并提高蔬菜中的硒含量，有助于解决膳食摄入中硒缺乏的问题。然而，收获前的硒处理是否能平衡植物的生长和花青素生物合成，以及合适的处理浓度是多少，目前尚不清楚。在本研究中，用不同浓度（0、5、10和30 mg/kg）的亚硒酸钠进行收获前处理，会影响富含花青素的紫叶芥菜的生长和营养品质。收获前较低硒浓度（≤10 mg/kg）的处理增强了光合作用，促进了根系发育，从而提高了生物量。相反，较高的硒水平（≥30 mg/kg）则降低了光合作用和生物量。通过水培条件下培养的幼苗证实了硒处理的剂量依赖性效应。此外，几乎所有的硒处理都提高了叶芥菜中各种营养成分的含量，特别是花青素和有机硒。这些结果表明叶芥菜植株的营养品质总体上得到了提高。此外，施用10 mg/kg的硒显著提高了苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性，并上调了12个对花青素生物合成至关重要的基因的表达，进一步证明了富硒对叶芥菜中花青素的强化作用。低水平的硒处理导致抗氧化活性（APX、CAT和POD）增强，减轻了组织中硒含量增加所诱导的活性氧。增强的抗氧化活性可能有利于叶芥菜在硒胁迫条件下的正常生长。总之，我们的研究表明，收获前10 mg/kg的硒处理可以平衡紫叶芥菜的生长和花青素生物合成。本研究为农业实践中通过富硒方法强化花青素提供了有价值的见解，确保这种强化不会影响叶菜类蔬菜的产量。
