Werse Bernd, Steimle Larissa, Stöver Heino
Institut für Suchtforschung (ISFF), FB4: Soziale Arbeit und Gesundheit, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Nibelungenplatz 1, 60318, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2025 Jan;68(1):88-96. doi: 10.1007/s00103-024-03970-x. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
Smoking is still the largest preventable health risk in Germany, which is why a higher success rate in smoking cessation would benefit both public and individual health. In order to achieve this, a better understanding of the smoking cessation methods used and the factors that facilitate and prevent smoking cessation is required. The RauS study therefore aimed to investigate which methods have been used in attempts to stop smoking, how successful these methods have been, and which factors have been perceived as helping or hindering smoking cessation.
From March to December 2022 a quantitative online survey was conducted among current or former smokers over 14 years of age (N = 6192).
Of the sample, 93% have tried to quit smoking at least once. In general, for the respondents who did or did not use e‑cigarettes/tobacco heaters, "personal willpower" was the most frequently used and perceived as the most helpful method. Among people who have used e‑cigarettes/tobacco heaters to quit smoking, e‑cigarettes with nicotine were used most frequently and were rated as the most helpful. Potential or concrete health consequences were most likely to be perceived as motivating. Rituals associated with smoking were the main barrier to quit smoking, while withdrawal symptoms played a much smaller role.
Overall, the results show that the focus on "nicotine addiction" in smoking cessation should be reconsidered, and social and ritual dimensions should be addressed more strongly. For at least some of those affected, e‑cigarettes may be a helpful method of reducing harm and/or quitting smoking.
吸烟仍是德国最大的可预防健康风险，这就是为什么戒烟成功率的提高将有利于公众和个人健康。为了实现这一目标，需要更好地了解所使用的戒烟方法以及促进和阻碍戒烟的因素。因此，RauS研究旨在调查在尝试戒烟时使用了哪些方法，这些方法的成功率如何，以及哪些因素被认为有助于或阻碍戒烟。
2022年3月至12月，对14岁以上的现吸烟者或 former smokers 进行了一项定量在线调查（N = 6192）。
在样本中，93%的人至少尝试过一次戒烟。总体而言，对于使用或未使用电子烟/烟草加热器的受访者来说，“个人意志力”是最常用且被认为最有帮助的方法。在使用电子烟/烟草加热器戒烟的人群中，含尼古丁的电子烟使用最为频繁，且被评为最有帮助。潜在或具体的健康后果最有可能被视为有激励作用。与吸烟相关的习惯是戒烟的主要障碍，而戒断症状的作用则小得多。
总体而言，结果表明应重新考虑戒烟中对“尼古丁成瘾”的关注，并应更加强调社会和习惯层面。对于至少一些受影响的人来说，电子烟可能是一种有助于减少危害和/或戒烟的方法。
