Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Addictions, King's College London, and SPECTRUM consortium, London, United Kingdom.
Eur Addict Res. 2022;28(4):287-296. doi: 10.1159/000523973. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
This study aimed to estimate prevalence rates of mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and overall psychological distress) by tobacco smoking status, and associations between such symptoms and the level of dependence, motivation, and attempts to quit smoking in the German population.
Cross-sectional analysis of data from six waves of a nationally representative household survey collected in 2018/19 (N = 11,937 respondents aged ≥18). Mental health symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Associations with smoking status, dependence, motivation to quit, and ≥1 past-year quit attempt (yes/no) were analysed with adjusted regression models among the total group, and among subgroups of current (n = 3,248) and past-year smokers (quit ≤12 months ago, n = 3,357).
Weighted prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among current, former, and never smokers were: 4.1%, 2.4%, 2.5% (anxiety), 5.4%, 4.7%, 4.0% (depression), and 3.1%, 2.5%, 2.4% (psychological distress). Current versus never smokers were more likely to report symptoms of anxiety and depression. Smokers with higher versus lower levels of dependence were more likely to report higher levels of all three mental health symptoms. Higher versus lower levels of overall psychological distress were associated with a higher motivation to quit smoking and, among past-year smokers, with higher odds of reporting a past-year quit attempt.
We found various relevant associations between mental health symptoms and smoking behaviour. Healthcare professionals need to be informed about these associations and trained to effectively support this vulnerable group in translating their motivation into abstinence.
本研究旨在评估德国人群中心理健康症状（焦虑、抑郁和总体心理困扰）的流行率与吸烟状况的关系，以及这些症状与依赖程度、戒烟动机和戒烟尝试之间的关系。
对 2018/19 年六轮全国代表性家庭调查数据进行横断面分析（共 11937 名年龄≥18 岁的应答者）。使用患者健康问卷-4 评估心理健康症状。在总人群中以及当前吸烟者（n=3248）和过去 1 年吸烟者（戒烟≤12 个月前，n=3357）亚组中，采用调整后的回归模型分析心理健康症状与吸烟状况、依赖程度、戒烟动机和过去 1 年的戒烟尝试（是/否）之间的关系。
当前、曾经和从不吸烟者的心理健康症状加权流行率分别为：4.1%、2.4%、2.5%（焦虑）、5.4%、4.7%、4.0%（抑郁）和 3.1%、2.5%、2.4%（心理困扰）。与从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者更有可能报告焦虑和抑郁症状。与依赖程度较低的吸烟者相比，依赖程度较高的吸烟者更有可能报告所有三种心理健康症状程度较高。与依赖程度较低的吸烟者相比，依赖程度较高的吸烟者更有可能报告更高的戒烟动机，在过去 1 年的吸烟者中，更有可能报告过去 1 年的戒烟尝试。
我们发现心理健康症状与吸烟行为之间存在各种相关关系。医疗保健专业人员需要了解这些关联，并接受培训，以有效地支持这一弱势群体将戒烟动机转化为戒烟行为。
