Understanding simulation-based learning for health professions students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: a scoping review.

Simulation-based learning (SBL) is an important component in health professions education and serves as effective preparation or a substitution for clinical placements. Despite their widely accepted benefits, students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds may not experience the same learning outcomes from engaging in SBL as their local peers due to complex factors. Supporting students from CALD backgrounds in SBL is vital, not only to optimise their learning experiences and outcomes, but also ensure inclusive health professions education. While the literature on the participation of students from CALD backgrounds in SBL activities is emerging, this scoping review was conducted to (1) map the evidence on how SBL impacts the learning outcomes of health professions students from CALD backgrounds; and (2) understand how students from CALD backgrounds perceive their SBL experiences. Following Arskey and O'Malley's framework and Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, a search was conducted in January 2024 using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ERIC. Ten papers met the inclusion criteria. This review highlighted three themes: (1) diverse learning outcomes of SBL; (2) facing linguistic and cultural challenges that are inherent to SBL; and (3) preparation, reflection, and support to actively participate in SBL activities. This review indicates that SBL could enhance clinical skills and confidence in students from CALD backgrounds. However, well-designed SBL activities to meet the learning needs of students from CALD backgrounds are currently lacking and further research across broader health professions fields is needed.