Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CENEXA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias, CeNDIE, ANLIS Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Parasit Vectors. 2024 Nov 9;17(1):458. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06547-4.
Dengue is an emerging disease in Argentina due to the colonization of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector. Buenos Aires Province is the biggest and most populated district in Argentina, suffering dengue outbreaks of growing magnitude. During epidemic periods, pyrethroid insecticides are used in this country to control adult mosquitoes. Pyrethroid resistance in dengue vectors has been reported worldwide, making it necessary to implement resistance management strategies. The voltage-gated sodium channel is the target site of pyrethroids. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein, called kdr mutations, are usually the molecular cause of pyrethroid resistance in insects. In Ae. aegypti from the Americas, three kdr substitutions were described: V410L, V1016I, and F1534C. The diagnostic of kdr mutations is recommended for the early detection of pyrethroid resistance as well as the consequent planning of evidence-based control policies.
We distributed ovitraps across 16 localities in Buenos Aires Province, collecting 22,123 eggs. A total of 522 mosquitoes were genotyped in positions 1016 and 1534 of voltage-gated channel using multiplex high-resolution melting and/or TaqMan probe methods. A subset of 449 samples was also genotyped by a singleplex high-resolution melting method developed ad hoc and/or Sanger sequencing.
We have documented, for the first time to our knowledge in the central region of Argentina, the presence of the 1016Ikdr + 1534Ckdr allele. Additionally, our study reports the first identification of the V410L mutation in central Argentina. These results underscore a growing trend of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti, fueled by the widespread use of these insecticides.
We detected 1016Ikdr + 1534Ckdr and 410Lkdr mutations in central Argentina for the first time and improved the processivity and accuracy of kdr genotyping methods. The results are both a tool for resistance monitoring and a sign of alarm to direct efforts towards finding sustainable methods for vector control to complement or replace pyrethroids. Joint efforts between academia and authorities to develop and implement public policies for vector control are a productive way to transfer scientific results for their application in public health.
登革热是阿根廷的一种新出现的疾病，原因是埃及伊蚊的繁殖，这种蚊子是登革热的传播媒介。布宜诺斯艾利斯省是阿根廷最大和人口最多的地区，遭受着越来越大的登革热疫情。在流行期间，该国使用拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂来控制成蚊。全世界都有关于登革热媒介对拟除虫菊酯产生抗药性的报告，因此有必要实施抗药性管理策略。电压门控钠离子通道是拟除虫菊酯的作用靶点。编码这种蛋白质的基因（称为 kdr 基因突变）中的突变通常是昆虫对拟除虫菊酯产生抗药性的分子原因。在美洲的埃及伊蚊中，已经描述了三种 kdr 取代：V410L、V1016I 和 F1534C。kdr 突变的诊断可用于早期检测拟除虫菊酯的抗药性，以及随后制定基于证据的控制政策。
我们在布宜诺斯艾利斯省的 16 个地区分发了诱卵器，收集了 22123 个卵。总共对 522 只蚊子在电压门控通道的 1016 和 1534 位进行了基因分型，使用多重高分辨率熔解和/或 TaqMan 探针方法。一小部分 449 个样本也通过我们专门开发的单重高分辨率熔解方法或 Sanger 测序进行了基因分型。
我们首次在阿根廷中部地区记录了 1016Ikdr+1534Ckdr 等位基因的存在。此外，我们的研究首次报告了阿根廷中部地区 V410L 突变的发现。这些结果突显了由于这些杀虫剂的广泛使用，埃及伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性呈上升趋势。
我们首次在阿根廷中部地区检测到 1016Ikdr+1534Ckdr 和 410Lkdr 突变，并改进了 kdr 基因分型方法的效率和准确性。这些结果既是抗药性监测的工具，也是一个警钟，提醒我们要努力寻找可持续的蚊虫控制方法，以补充或替代拟除虫菊酯。学术界和当局共同努力，制定和实施蚊虫控制公共政策，是将科学成果转化为公共卫生应用的有效途径。
