Lusta Konstantin A, Churov Alexey V, Beloyartsev Dmitry F, Golovyuk Alexander L, Lee Arthur A, Sukhorukov Vasily N, Orekhov Alexander N
Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Ltd, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow, Russia, 121609.
Institute on Aging Research, Russian Gerontology Clinical Research Center, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 129226.
Discov Nano. 2024 Nov 12;19(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s11671-024-04149-8.
Among the numerous driving forces that cause the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), pathogenic bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) containing toxins and virulence factors appear to be the key trigger of inflammation and atherogenesis, the major processes involved in the pathogenesis of ASCVD. Since BEMNs are the carriers of nanosized biomolecules to distant sites, they are now being considered as a novel drug delivery system. Nowadays, many therapeutic strategies are used to treat ASCVD. However, the conventional anti-atherosclerotic therapies are not effective enough. This primarily due to the inefficiency of non-targeted drug delivery systems to tissue affected areas, which, in turn, leads to numerous side effects, as well as faulty pharmacokinetics. In this regard, nanomedicine methods using nanoparticles (NPs) as targeted drug delivery vehicles proved to be extremely useful. Bioengineered BEMNs equipped with disease-specific ligand moieties and loaded with corresponding drugs represent a promising tool in nanomedicine, which can be used as a novel drug delivery system for a successful therapy of ASCVD. In this review, we outline the involvement of pathogenic BEMNs in the triggering of ASCVD, the conventional therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ASCVD, and the recent trends in nanomedicine using BEMNs and NPs as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery.
在导致动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的众多驱动因素中，含有毒素和毒力因子的致病性细菌细胞外膜纳米囊泡（BEMNs）似乎是炎症和动脉粥样硬化形成的关键触发因素，而炎症和动脉粥样硬化形成是ASCVD发病机制中的主要过程。由于BEMNs是纳米级生物分子向远处部位的载体，它们现在被视为一种新型药物递送系统。如今，许多治疗策略被用于治疗ASCVD。然而，传统的抗动脉粥样硬化疗法效果不够理想。这主要是由于非靶向药物递送系统对受影响组织区域的效率低下，进而导致众多副作用以及不良的药代动力学。在这方面，使用纳米颗粒（NPs）作为靶向药物递送载体的纳米医学方法已被证明非常有用。配备有疾病特异性配体部分并负载相应药物的生物工程BEMNs是纳米医学中一种有前途的工具，可作为一种新型药物递送系统用于成功治疗ASCVD。在本综述中，我们概述了致病性BEMNs在触发ASCVD中的作用、治疗ASCVD的传统治疗策略，以及使用BEMNs和NPs作为靶向药物递送载体的纳米医学的最新趋势。
