Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2023 Jun 21;2023:4838043. doi: 10.1155/2023/4838043. eCollection 2023.
Nanotechnology has become one of the most extensive fields of research. Nanoparticles (NPs) form the base for nanotechnology. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used due to flexible chemical, biological, and physical characteristics with improved efficacy in comparison to bulk counterparts. The significance of each class of NMs is enhanced by identifying their properties. Day by day, there is an emergence of various applications of NMs, but the toxic effects associated with them cannot be avoided. NMs demonstrate therapeutic abilities by enhancing the drug delivery system, diagnosis, and therapeutic effects of numerous agents, but determining the benefits of NMs over other clinical applications (disease-specific) or substances is an ongoing investigation. This review is aimed at defining NMs and NPs and their types, synthesis, and pharmaceutical, biomedical, and clinical applications.
纳米技术已经成为研究最广泛的领域之一。纳米粒子（NPs）构成了纳米技术的基础。由于具有灵活的化学、生物和物理特性，与大块材料相比，纳米材料（NMs）的疗效得到了提高，因此得到了广泛的应用。通过识别其特性，可以增强每种纳米材料的重要性。随着时间的推移，纳米材料的各种应用不断涌现，但与之相关的毒性作用是无法避免的。纳米材料通过增强药物输送系统、诊断和治疗许多药物的效果，展示了治疗能力，但确定纳米材料相对于其他临床应用（特定疾病）或物质的优势仍在研究之中。本综述旨在定义纳米材料和纳米粒子及其类型、合成以及在制药、生物医学和临床方面的应用。
