Chondroitin sulfate sponge scaffold for slow-release Mg/Cu in diabetic wound management: Hemostasis, effusion absorption, and healing.

The management of diabetic wounds presents significant challenges due to persistent inflammation, microenvironmental disruptions, and impaired angiogenesis. To address these issues, this study developed a multifunctional chondroitin sulfate sponge (CSP@Cu-Mg) with anti-inflammatory properties, hemostatic effects, effusion absorption, and enhanced healing promotion. Through ion crosslinking, MgO and CuO were incorporated into the interpenetrating network structure of chondroitin sulfate and acellular dermal matrix, resulting in a sponge with impressive liquid absorption capacity (3450 %) and porosity (83 %). This sponge enabled sustained release of Mg/Cu ions, with approximately 40 % cumulative release over 7 days. This release helped reduce inflammation, promote the proliferation and migration of skin repair-related cells, and stimulate angiogenesis. In vivo studies demonstrated that the CSP@Cu-Mg sponge significantly improved diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation and accelerating collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. This extracellular matrix sponge, which synergistically releases Mg/Cu, presents a promising strategy for comprehensive diabetic wound management with substantial clinical implications.