Singh Mohan Prasad, Goswami Shreerup, Singh Umesh Kumar
Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Dec;31(56):64385-64418. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35502-0. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that food production must rise by 70% to meet the demands of an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050. This forecast underscores the persistent reliance on pesticides, making it essential to assess their toxicity and develop effective remediation strategies. Given the widespread utilisation of pesticides, it requires an urgent need to evaluate their toxicity and explore feasible remediation approaches for their removal. Hence, this review provides an overview of the latest information on the presence, distribution, sources, fate, and trends of pesticides in global environmental matrices, emphasizing the ecological and health risks posed by pesticide pollution. Currently, the dominant remediation techniques encompass physical, chemical, and biological methods, yet studies focusing on advanced remediation techniques remain limited. This review critically evaluates both newer and traditional approaches to pesticide removal, offering a descriptive and analytical comparison of various methods. The selection of the appropriate treatment method depends largely on the nature of the pesticide and the effectiveness of the chosen technique. In many cases, technologies such as membrane bioreactors and the fenton process could be integrated with biological technologies to enhance performance and overcome limitations. The study concludes that a hybrid approach combining various remediation strategies offers the most effective and sustainable solution for pesticide removal. Finally, the review underscores the need for further scientific investigation into the most viable technologies while discussing the challenges and prospects of developing safe, reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly methods for removing pesticides from the environment.
联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）估计，到2050年，粮食产量必须增长70%，以满足另外23亿人口的需求。这一预测凸显了对农药的持续依赖，因此评估农药毒性并制定有效的修复策略至关重要。鉴于农药的广泛使用，迫切需要评估其毒性，并探索可行的去除修复方法。因此，本综述概述了全球环境基质中农药的存在、分布、来源、归宿和趋势的最新信息，强调了农药污染带来的生态和健康风险。目前，主要的修复技术包括物理、化学和生物方法，但专注于先进修复技术的研究仍然有限。本综述批判性地评估了去除农药的新方法和传统方法，对各种方法进行了描述性和分析性比较。合适处理方法的选择很大程度上取决于农药的性质和所选技术的有效性。在许多情况下，膜生物反应器和芬顿工艺等技术可以与生物技术相结合，以提高性能并克服局限性。该研究得出结论，结合各种修复策略的混合方法为去除农药提供了最有效和可持续的解决方案。最后，本综述强调了在讨论开发安全、可靠、经济高效且环保的从环境中去除农药方法的挑战和前景时，需要对最可行的技术进行进一步科学研究。
