MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Nov 14;73(45):1022-1029. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a2.
Annually, tens of thousands of U.S. children and adolescents are hospitalized with seasonal influenza virus infection. Both influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral treatment can reduce complications of influenza. Using data from two U.S. influenza surveillance networks for children and adolescents aged <18 years with medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza for whom antiviral treatment is recommended, the percentage who received treatment was calculated. Trends in antiviral treatment of children and adolescents hospitalized with influenza from the 2017-18 to the 2023-2024 influenza seasons were also examined. Since 2017-18, when 70%-86% of hospitalized children and adolescents with influenza received antiviral treatment, the proportion receiving treatment notably declined. Among children and adolescents with influenza during the 2023-24 season, 52%-59% of those hospitalized received antiviral treatment. During the 2023-24 season, 31% of those at higher risk for influenza complications seen in the outpatient setting in one network were prescribed antiviral treatment. These findings demonstrate that influenza antiviral treatment is underutilized among children and adolescents who could benefit from treatment. All hospitalized children and adolescents, and those at higher risk for influenza complications in the outpatient setting, should receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible for suspected or confirmed influenza.
每年，都有数万名美国儿童和青少年因季节性流感病毒感染住院。流感疫苗接种和尽早开始抗病毒治疗均可减少流感并发症。利用来自两个美国儿童和青少年流感监测网络的数据，对接受推荐抗病毒治疗的因流感而住院、经医学评估且实验室确诊的＜18 岁患者中接受治疗的比例进行了计算。还对 2017-18 年至 2023-2024 年流感季节因流感住院的儿童和青少年的抗病毒治疗趋势进行了研究。自 2017-18 年以来，接受抗病毒治疗的流感住院儿童和青少年比例从 70%-86%显著下降。在 2023-24 季节因流感而住院的儿童和青少年中，52%-59%的患者接受了抗病毒治疗。在 2023-24 季节，一个网络中在门诊就诊时被认为有更高流感并发症风险的患者中，有 31%的患者被开具了抗病毒药物。这些发现表明，有治疗获益的儿童和青少年中，流感抗病毒治疗的使用率较低。所有因流感而住院的儿童和青少年，以及在门诊就诊时有更高流感并发症风险的患者，都应尽快接受抗病毒治疗，以治疗疑似或确诊的流感。
