Aparicio Virginia, Kaseker Jessica, Scheepers Paul T J, Alaoui Abdallah, Figueiredo Daniel M, Mol Hans, Silva Vera, Harkes Paula, Dos Santos Danilo Rheinheimer, Geissen Violette, Costa José Luis
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226, Km 73,5, Balcarce, CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2025 May 15;373:126208. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126208. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
Agricultural use of pesticides continues to rise globally. Argentina ranks fifth in use. While pesticides help yields, they also pose risks to human health and the environment. Indoor dust can present high pesticide concentrations, raising concerns about chronic exposure in non-farming households. Studies of pesticides in indoor dust are few worldwide. This pioneering study aimed to identify and/or quantify for the first time pesticide occurrence in indoor dust from urban residences in the Pampas Region, southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Pesticide residues in indoor dust from 48 non-agricultural homes in the Pampas plain region were analysed. Study participants completed questionnaires on household demographics, pet ownership, pesticide use, gardening, and habits like leaving shoes outside. We detected 41 out of 49 targeted pesticides, including metabolites and banned compounds. Seven of the 49 tested are dual-use compounds (i.e. pesticide & biocide or veterinary applications). The synergist piperonyl butoxide, the dual-use imidacloprid, and "agricultural only" pesticides carbaryl, glyphosate, and atrazine were detected in all dust samples. Glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine, imidacloprid, carbaryl, tetramethrin, and piperonyl butoxide had maximum concentrations exceeding 1, 000 μg kg. Complex mixtures of up to 32 residues were found per sample. Questionnaire responses revealed that most participants brought shoes inside (60 %), almost all had pets (93 %), and 51 % had used flea repellents (mainly imidacloprid and fipronil). Approximately 48 % reported pesticide use in the past year, and 19 % reported exposure via their (non-farmer) jobs, e.g., via disinfection and weeding. These findings highlight the prevalence of pesticide residues in residential settings and the need for further research on long-term exposure and risks. Improved tracking of agricultural, household, and mixed-use pesticide applications is crucial, particularly in regions heavily reliant on agriculture.
全球范围内，农药在农业领域的使用量持续上升。阿根廷的农药使用量位居全球第五。虽然农药有助于提高产量，但也对人类健康和环境构成风险。室内灰尘中的农药浓度可能很高，这引发了人们对非农业家庭长期接触农药的担忧。全球范围内，针对室内灰尘中农药的研究较少。这项开创性研究旨在首次识别和/或量化阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省东南部潘帕斯地区城市住宅室内灰尘中的农药含量。对潘帕斯平原地区48户非农业家庭室内灰尘中的农药残留进行了分析。研究参与者完成了关于家庭人口统计学、宠物饲养情况、农药使用、园艺以及是否有将鞋子留在室外等习惯的问卷调查。在49种目标农药中，我们检测出了41种，包括代谢物和禁用化合物。49种被测农药中有7种是两用化合物（即用于农药和杀生物剂或兽医用途）。增效剂胡椒基丁醚、两用的吡虫啉以及“仅用于农业”的农药西维因、草甘膦和莠去津在所有灰尘样本中均被检测到。草甘膦、2,4 - D、莠去津、吡虫啉、西维因、胺菊酯和胡椒基丁醚的最高浓度超过了1000μg/kg。每个样本中发现了多达32种残留的复杂混合物。问卷调查结果显示，大多数参与者会把鞋子穿进屋里（60%），几乎所有人都养宠物（93%），51%的人使用过驱虫剂（主要是吡虫啉和氟虫腈）。约48%的人报告在过去一年中使用过农药，19%的人报告通过（非农民）工作接触过农药，例如通过消毒和除草。这些发现凸显了住宅环境中农药残留的普遍性，以及对长期接触和风险进行进一步研究的必要性。改进对农业、家庭和混合用途农药使用情况的跟踪至关重要，尤其是在严重依赖农业的地区。
