Altayb Ismail Mohamedalamin Alnoor, Daffalla Islam, Singh Taranpreet, Siddique Qandeel Rida, Almadhoun Mohammed Khaleel I Kh, Irfan Rabail, Saqib Moeez, Haris Muhammad, Khan Zaid, Fernandes Jaqueline Giselle Farias, Iqbal Asma, Bokhari Syed Faqeer Hussain
Internal Medicine, Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum , SDN.
Orthopedics, Cork University Hospital, Cork, IRL.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 14;16(10):e71470. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71470. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, particularly during rest. It significantly affects the quality of life of hemodialysis patients with high prevalence in this population. While pharmacological treatments, especially dopamine agonists (DAs), are commonly used, they often come with side effects and augmentation phenomena. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of exercise interventions in managing RLS among hemodialysis patients. Eight studies, including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies, were analyzed. The interventions primarily consisted of aerobic exercises (cycling) and stretching exercises, with durations ranging from eight weeks to six months. The primary outcome measure was RLS severity, assessed using validated scales such as the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) scale or the Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (RLSQ). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, depression, and physical performance. The results consistently demonstrated that both aerobic and stretching exercises significantly reduced RLS severity and improved related outcomes. The intradialytic nature of some interventions offered a practical approach to incorporating exercise into patient routines. While exercise showed comparable efficacy to DAs in reducing RLS symptoms and improving depression scores, only DAs significantly enhanced sleep quality in one comparative study. These findings suggest that exercise interventions may be a viable non-pharmacological approach to managing RLS in hemodialysis patients, potentially complementing or reducing reliance on pharmacological treatments.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种神经系统疾病，其特征是腿部有无法抑制的活动冲动，尤其是在休息时。它严重影响血液透析患者的生活质量，在该人群中患病率很高。虽然药物治疗，尤其是多巴胺激动剂（DAs）是常用的，但它们往往伴有副作用和症状加重现象。本系统评价考察了运动干预对血液透析患者不宁腿综合征的管理效果。分析了八项研究，包括随机对照试验和准实验研究。干预措施主要包括有氧运动（骑自行车）和伸展运动，持续时间从八周到六个月不等。主要结局指标是不宁腿综合征严重程度，使用国际不宁腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）量表或不宁腿综合征问卷（RLSQ）等经过验证的量表进行评估。次要结局包括睡眠质量、抑郁和身体表现。结果一致表明，有氧运动和伸展运动均能显著降低不宁腿综合征严重程度并改善相关结局。一些干预措施的透析内性质为将运动纳入患者日常活动提供了一种实用方法。虽然运动在减轻不宁腿综合征症状和改善抑郁评分方面显示出与多巴胺激动剂相当的疗效，但在一项比较研究中只有多巴胺激动剂显著提高了睡眠质量。这些发现表明，运动干预可能是管理血液透析患者不宁腿综合征一种可行的非药物方法，有可能补充或减少对药物治疗的依赖。
