Rafiq Tayyaba, Aqeel Rummana, Javed Mariyah, Yousaf Lubna, Bano Shaher, Akbar Aaisha
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 14;16(10):e71423. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71423. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Background Dietary habits play a significant role in the rising prevalence of oral health disorders, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases, particularly in regions like Pakistan with distinct dietary customs. Objective The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Asian food on the prevalence of oral diseases, with a focus on identifying specific dietary factors that contribute to oral health issues. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out in Lahore between February and July 2024. The sample consisted of 384 adults aged 18 and above, selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing dietary habits and clinical examinations to diagnose oral diseases. Statistical analyses (SPSS version 26: (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), including correlation, regression, and Chi-Square, were used to evaluate the relationships between dietary patterns and oral health indicators. Results The study revealed significant correlations between dietary habits and oral disease prevalence. Among the 384 patients, 287 (74.74%) patients reported high sugar consumption, with a mean frequency of 3.26 times per week, correlating strongly with oral diseases (r=0.45, p<0.01). This group exhibited 179 patients (46.60%) with dental caries and 153 patients (39.58%) with periodontal conditions. Additionally, 262 patients (68.32%) with high carbohydrate intake, averaging 4.14 times per week, showed a moderate positive correlation with oral disease prevalence (r=0.32, p<0.05). Conversely, 193 patients (50.26%) who consumed fruits and vegetables with a mean frequency of 2.51 times per week demonstrated a significant negative correlation with oral disease prevalence (r=-0.40, p<0.01), indicating a protective effect. High sugar intake was associated with greater severity of oral diseases, with mean severity scores of 3.12 for dental caries and 3.20 for periodontal conditions. Conclusion The results show that although consuming more fruits and vegetables has a preventive effect, traditional Pakistani dietary practices, particularly excessive sugar and carbohydrate consumption, are associated with an increased incidence of oral illness.
背景 饮食习惯在口腔健康问题（如龋齿和牙周疾病）患病率上升中起着重要作用，在巴基斯坦等有着独特饮食习惯的地区尤其如此。目的 本研究的主要目的是调查亚洲食物对口腔疾病患病率的影响，重点是确定导致口腔健康问题的具体饮食因素。方法 2024年2月至7月在拉合尔进行了一项横断面研究。样本包括384名18岁及以上的成年人，根据特定的纳入和排除标准进行选择。通过评估饮食习惯的结构化问卷和诊断口腔疾病的临床检查收集数据。使用统计分析（SPSS 26版：美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司），包括相关性分析、回归分析和卡方检验，来评估饮食模式与口腔健康指标之间的关系。结果 研究揭示了饮食习惯与口腔疾病患病率之间存在显著相关性。在384名患者中，287名（74.74%）患者报告高糖摄入量，平均每周3.26次，与口腔疾病密切相关（r = 0.45，p < 0.01）。该组中有179名患者（46.60%）患有龋齿，153名患者（39.58%）患有牙周疾病。此外，262名（68.32%）高碳水化合物摄入量患者，平均每周4.14次，与口腔疾病患病率呈中度正相关（r = 0.32，p < 0.05）。相反，193名（50.26%）平均每周食用水果和蔬菜2.51次的患者与口腔疾病患病率呈显著负相关（r = -0.40，p < 0.01），表明具有保护作用。高糖摄入量与口腔疾病的更严重程度相关，龋齿的平均严重程度评分为3.12，牙周疾病为3.20。结论 结果表明，虽然多吃水果和蔬菜有预防作用，但传统的巴基斯坦饮食习惯，特别是过多摄入糖和碳水化合物，与口腔疾病发病率增加有关。
