Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Nov 15;64(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03510-y.
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of almond consumption on peripheral vascular function, ambulant blood pressure profiles (ABP), and serum/plasma markers reflecting endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in participants with overweight/obesity and prediabetes.
Thirty-four participants completed this single-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial with 5-month intervention and control periods, separated by a 2-month wash-out. During the intervention period, participants consumed 50 g of whole almonds daily. At the end of each intervention period, peripheral vascular function was assessed by measuring the carotid-to-femoral and carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocities (PWV and PWV, respectively) and retinal microvascular calibers. Serum/plasma concentrations of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and 24-hour ABP were also analyzed.
Almond consumption did not significantly affect arterial stiffness (PWV and PWV), while central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) was minimally increased by 2 μm (P = 0.019). Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), the arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), and endothelial and inflammatory serum/plasma markers showed no significant changes after almond consumption. Almond consumption reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP; -3 mmHg 24-hour P = 0.035, -4 mmHg daytime P = 0.046, and - 4 mmHg during nighttime P = 0.029), SBP variability during 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime (P = 0.005, P = 0.019, and P = 0.003, respectively), and diastolic blood pressure variability during nighttime (P ≤ 0.001).
Almond consumption did not affect arterial stiffness, retinal microvasculature calibers, or serum and plasma markers for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in participants with prediabetics, while BP and BP variability were improved.
This clinical trial was registered in February 2018 as NCT03419702.
本研究旨在探讨杏仁摄入对超重/肥胖和糖尿病前期患者外周血管功能、动态血压谱（ABP）以及反映内皮功能障碍和炎症的血清/血浆标志物的长期影响。
34 名参与者完成了这项单盲、随机、交叉试验，干预期和对照组各 5 个月，间隔 2 个月洗脱期。在干预期间，参与者每天食用 50 克全杏仁。在每个干预期末，通过测量颈股和颈桡脉搏波速度（PWV 和 PWV）以及视网膜微血管直径来评估外周血管功能。还分析了血清/血浆中可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）、血清淀粉样蛋白 A 蛋白（SAA）和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）以及 24 小时 ABP 的浓度。
杏仁摄入对动脉僵硬度（PWV 和 PWV）没有显著影响，而中央视网膜静脉等效直径（CRVE）仅增加了 2μm（P=0.019）。中央视网膜小动脉等效直径（CRAE）、动静脉比（AVR）以及内皮和炎症的血清/血浆标志物在杏仁摄入后没有明显变化。杏仁摄入可降低收缩压（SBP；24 小时 SBP 降低 3mmHg，P=0.035，白天 SBP 降低 4mmHg，P=0.046，夜间 SBP 降低 4mmHg，P=0.029）、24 小时、白天和夜间的 SBP 变异性（P=0.005、P=0.019 和 P=0.003）以及夜间舒张压变异性（P≤0.001）。
杏仁摄入对糖尿病前期患者的动脉僵硬度、视网膜微血管直径以及内皮功能障碍和炎症的血清和血浆标志物没有影响，而血压和血压变异性得到改善。
这项临床试验于 2018 年 2 月注册，编号为 NCT03419702。
