Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Referral Centre for Stress Related Disorders of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, University Hospital Dubrava,, Zagreb, Croatia.
Psychiatr Danub. 2024 May;36(1):83-93. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2024.83.
Direct contact with COVID-19 patients affect the mental health of frontline healthcare professionals. The main goal of this study was to investigate the levels of burnout and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic symptoms-PTSS, depression, anxiety, and stress-DASS) as well as life satisfaction among nurses and physicians working at University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb (impacted by the earthquakes) and University Hospital of Split. The second goal was to examine the contribution of gender and personality traits to the levels of psychological symptoms among all participants. A set of questionnaires measuring psychological symptoms and personal characteristics was sent via the Google form platform to healthcare professionals and in total 227 completed the form (138 nurses and 89 physicians). The sample consisted of 180 (79.3% females) and 47 (20.7% males). Among the respondents, 75 nurses and 64 physicians were employees of University Hospital Dubrava of 63 nurses and 25 physicians were employees in the University Hospital of Split. The results showed that physicians in general scored higher on the burnout scale (p<0.001) while nurses reported higher anxiety (p=0.011). Nurses working in Zagreb had higher levels of burnout (p<0.001), more depressive (p=0.009) and anxiety (p=0.027) symptoms as well as experienced more stress (p=0.007), and less life satisfaction (p=0.007) than nurses working in Split. Differences in psychological symptoms and resilience in physicians working in Split and Zagreb were not established. Regression analyses showed that the female gender predicted more PTSS, (B=-4.77, p=0.045) while the physician profession predicted higher burnout symptoms (B=2.67, p=0.002). Considering personality traits, higher emotional stability and resilience predicted lower PTSS and DASS symptoms. Traits extraversion (B=0.17, p=0.003), conscientiousness (B=0.26, p<0.001) and resilience (B=1.21, p=0.024) predicted more life satisfaction. Traits of agreeableness (B=-0.21, p= 0.001) and emotional stability (B=-0.45, p<0.001) predicted a decrease in the intensity of the burnout. This study recognized the importance of personality traits as protective factors contributing to psychological well-being in frontline hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, exposure to multiple traumas and belonging to a profession of physician emerges as risk factors contributing to more psychological symptoms.
与 COVID-19 患者直接接触会影响一线医护人员的心理健康。本研究的主要目的是调查倦怠水平和心理症状（创伤后症状-PTSS、抑郁、焦虑和压力-DASS）以及在萨格勒布杜布拉瓦大学医院（受地震影响）和斯普利特大学医院工作的护士和医生的生活满意度。第二个目标是检查性别和人格特质对所有参与者心理症状水平的贡献。一套测量心理症状和个人特征的问卷通过 Google 表单平台发送给医护人员，共有 227 人完成了问卷（138 名护士和 89 名医生）。样本由 180 名（79.3%女性）和 47 名（20.7%男性）组成。在受访者中，75 名护士和 64 名医生是杜布拉瓦大学医院的员工，而 63 名护士和 25 名医生是斯普利特大学医院的员工。结果表明，医生的倦怠程度普遍较高（p<0.001），而护士报告的焦虑程度较高（p=0.011）。在萨格勒布工作的护士倦怠程度更高（p<0.001），抑郁（p=0.009）和焦虑（p=0.027）症状更严重，压力更大（p=0.007），生活满意度更低（p=0.007）比在斯普利特工作的护士。在萨格勒布和斯普利特工作的医生之间没有发现心理症状和适应力的差异。回归分析表明，女性性别预测更多的创伤后症状（B=-4.77，p=0.045），而医生职业预测更高的倦怠症状（B=2.67，p=0.002）。考虑到人格特质，更高的情绪稳定性和适应力预测较低的创伤后症状和 DASS 症状。特质外向性（B=0.17，p=0.003）、尽责性（B=0.26，p<0.001）和适应力（B=1.21，p=0.024）预测更高的生活满意度。特质宜人性（B=-0.21，p=0.001）和情绪稳定性（B=-0.45，p<0.001）预测倦怠强度降低。本研究认识到人格特质作为保护因素的重要性，这些因素有助于在 COVID-19 大流行期间一线医院医护人员的心理健康。相反，接触多种创伤和属于医生职业被认为是导致更多心理症状的风险因素。
