Burris Jessica L, Reider Lori B, Oleas Denise S, Buss Kristin A, Pérez-Edgar Koraly, LoBue Vanessa
Rutgers University Newark, United States of America.
Fordham University, United States of America.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Nov;251:104612. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104612. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
Researchers have proposed that humans have evolved psychological mechanisms that facilitate the detection, rapid response, and subsequent avoidance of potential threats. However, some inconsistent results in the literature have called into question the robustness of these responses. Here, we sought to replicate previous findings on the rapid detection of both social (i.e., angry faces) and nonsocial (i.e., snakes) threats within a large and diverse sample of adults, and to examine the robustness of our effects across three data-collection sites using two response metrics-visual latency to detect threatening versus non-threatening stimuli and motor (i.e., button press) responses to indicate that threatening versus non-threatening targets had been detected. We found an advantage for both social (angry facial configurations) and non-social (snakes) threats across all three data collection sites, demonstrating that the phenomenon is both replicable and robust. Further, we found that the threat advantage was only significant for visual latency to first detect threatening stimuli and not for subsequent motor responses-the overall replication effect was driven by first fixations-suggesting that biases for threat might be perceptually based.
研究人员提出，人类已经进化出心理机制，以促进对潜在威胁的察觉、快速反应及随后的规避。然而，文献中一些不一致的结果对这些反应的稳健性提出了质疑。在此，我们试图在一个规模庞大且多样化的成年样本中复制先前关于快速察觉社会威胁（即愤怒面孔）和非社会威胁（即蛇）的研究结果，并使用两种反应指标——检测威胁性与非威胁性刺激的视觉潜伏期，以及表明已检测到威胁性与非威胁性目标的运动（即按键）反应，来检验我们在三个数据收集地点所获效应的稳健性。我们发现在所有三个数据收集地点，社会威胁（愤怒的面部形态）和非社会威胁（蛇）都具有优势，这表明该现象是可重复且稳健的。此外，我们发现威胁优势仅在首次检测到威胁性刺激的视觉潜伏期显著，而在随后的运动反应中并不显著——整体的重复效应是由首次注视驱动的——这表明对威胁的偏向可能基于感知。
