Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2024 Nov;56:101121. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101121. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) ectoparasite, Varroa destructor, is one of the most important honeybee pests worldwide. Acaricides, including the pyrethroids (tau-fluvalinate, flumethrin), and organophosphate (coumaphos) have been applied to control this mite within apiaries, still the long-term, constant, and excessive use of these products has led to the development of resistance in many populations. Three different mutations (L925V, L925I, L925M) at position 925 and one mutation (M918L) at 918 position of the V. destructor voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) have been associated with the resistance to these compounds. In the present study, we examined the presence of resistance mutations in the VGSC gene, encoding the target of pyrethroids, in the V. destructor population collected from the Kayseri and Sivas provinces of Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. A total of 200 V. destructor samples were collected from 20 apiaries in two provinces throughout 2023. To investigate the mutations in Varroa samples, the domain II region of the VGSC gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced. The nucleotide sequencing of the IIS4-IIS5 linker region of the VGSC gene revealed one amino acid change at position 925: a leucine to isoleucine substitution (L925I). No mutations at other positions were identified. Homozygous resistant alleles were detected in 20 (40 %) of the sequenced 50 samples in the study areas. However, we detected the homozygous sensitive allele (wild-type allele, L925) in the remaining samples (50/30, 60 %). The result shows that this status may indicate a problem for Varroa control in the future. Thus, alternative acaricide with a mode of action of different pyrethroids should be considered in the control of V. destructor populations in these provinces.
蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）外寄生虫瓦螨（Varroa destructor）是世界范围内最重要的蜜蜂害虫之一。杀螨剂，包括拟除虫菊酯（tau-氟戊菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯）和有机磷（马拉硫磷），已被用于控制蜂群中的这种螨虫，但这些产品的长期、持续和过度使用导致许多种群产生了抗药性。在瓦螨电压门控钠离子通道（VGSC）的 925 位有三个不同的突变（L925V、L925I、L925M）和一个突变（M918L）位于 918 位，与这些化合物的抗性有关。在本研究中，我们检查了来自土耳其安纳托利亚中部开塞利和锡瓦斯省的蜂群中采集的瓦螨种群中 VGSC 基因（拟除虫菊酯的靶标）是否存在抗性突变。2023 年，我们从两个省的 20 个蜂场共收集了 200 个瓦螨样本。为了研究 Varroa 样本中的突变，我们使用 PCR 扩增了 VGSC 基因的 II 区并进行了测序。对 VGSC 基因的 IIS4-IIS5 连接区的核苷酸测序显示，925 位的一个氨基酸发生了变化：亮氨酸变为异亮氨酸（L925I）。在其他位置没有发现突变。在研究区域的 50 个测序样本中，有 20 个（40%）检测到纯合抗性等位基因。然而，我们在其余样本（50/30，60%）中检测到纯合敏感等位基因（野生型等位基因，L925）。结果表明，这一状况可能预示着未来瓦螨控制方面的问题。因此，在这些省份控制瓦螨种群时，应考虑使用作用模式不同的拟除虫菊酯的替代杀螨剂。
