Naghibi Ahad Faraji, Akbari Ehsan, Shahmoradi Saeid, Pirouzi Sasan, Shahbazi Amid
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 16;14(1):28354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79222-4.
The current study concentrates on the planning (sitting and sizing) of a renewable integrated energy system that incorporates power-to-hydrogen (P2H) and hydrogen-to-power (H2P) technologies within an active distribution network. This is expressed in the form of an optimization model, in which the objective function is to reduce the annual costs of construction and maintenance of integrated energy systems. The model takes into account the planning and operation model of wind, solar, and bio-waste resources, as well as hydrogen storage (a combination of P2H, H2P, and hydrogen tank), and the optimal power flow constraints of the distribution network. Electrical and hydrogen energy are administered in an integrated energy system. The modeling of the uncertainties regarding the quantity of load and renewable resources is achieved through stochastic optimization using the Unscented Transformation method. The novelties of the scheme include the sizing and placement of a combined hydrogen and power-based renewable integrated energy system, the consideration of the impacts of bio-waste units, P2H, and H2P systems on the planning of the integrated energy system and the operation of the active distribution network, and the modeling of uncertainties using the Unscented Transformation method to reduce the calculation time. The study's results demonstrate the scheme's ability to improve the technical conditions of the distribution network by considering the optimal planning of integrated energy systems. In comparison to the network power flow, the operation status of the network has been improved by approximately 23-45% through the optimal siting, sizing, and energy management of hydrogen storage equipment, as well as renewable resources in the form of integrated energy systems. In other words, optimal energy management and planning of the integrated energy systems in the distribution network has been able to reduce energy losses and voltage drop by 44.5% and 42.4% compared to the load flow studies. In this situation, peak load carrying capability has increased by about 23.7%. In addition, compared to the case of the network with renewable resources, the overvoltage has decreased by about 43.5%. Also, Unscented Transformation method has a lower calculation time than scenario-based stochastic optimization.
当前的研究聚焦于一个可再生综合能源系统的规划（选址与规模确定），该系统在一个有源配电网中整合了电力制氢（P2H）和氢能发电（H2P）技术。这以一个优化模型的形式呈现，其中目标函数是降低综合能源系统的年度建设和维护成本。该模型考虑了风能、太阳能和生物废弃物资源的规划与运行模型，以及储氢（P2H、H2P和氢罐的组合），还有配电网的最优潮流约束。电能和氢能在一个综合能源系统中进行管理。通过使用无迹变换方法的随机优化来实现对负荷和可再生资源数量不确定性的建模。该方案的新颖之处包括基于氢能和电力的可再生综合能源系统的规模确定和选址、考虑生物废弃物单元、P2H和H2P系统对综合能源系统规划和有源配电网运行的影响，以及使用无迹变换方法对不确定性进行建模以减少计算时间。研究结果表明，该方案通过考虑综合能源系统的最优规划，有能力改善配电网的技术状况。与网络潮流相比，通过储氢设备以及综合能源系统形式的可再生资源的最优选址、规模确定和能源管理，网络的运行状态得到了约23% - 45%的改善。换句话说，与潮流研究相比，配电网中综合能源系统的最优能源管理和规划能够将能量损耗和电压降分别降低44.5%和42.4%。在这种情况下，峰值负荷承载能力提高了约23.7%。此外，与具有可再生资源的网络情况相比，过电压降低了约43.5%。而且，无迹变换方法的计算时间比基于场景的随机优化要短。
