Akbari Ehsan, Naghibi Ahad Faraji, Veisi Mehdi, Pirouzi Sasan, Safaee Sheila
Department of Electrical Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 3;15(1):15537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99875-z.
This study presents a planning approach that considers the simultaneous expansion of generating and transmission systems, taking into account the location and sizing of generation units, AC transmission lines, and high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems. The HVDC system utilizes AC and DC substations equipped with AC/DC and DC/AC power electronic converters, respectively, to effectively regulate and control the reactive power of the transmission network. The problem aims to minimize the combined annual cost of constructing the specified parts and operating the generation units. This is subject to constraints such as the size and investment budget limits, an AC optimum power flow model, and the operational limits of both renewable and non-renewable generation units. The scheme incorporates a non-linear model. The Red Panda Optimization (RPO) is utilized to solve the provided model in order to attain a dependable and optimal solution. This research focuses on several advances, including the planning of the HVDC power system, the regulation of reactive power in HVDC substations, and the resolution of related issues using the RPO algorithm. The numerical findings collected from several case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach in enhancing the economic and technical aspects of the transmission network. Efficiently coordinating the generation units, AC transmission lines, and HVDC system leads to a significant enhancement in the economic performance of the network, resulting in a 10-40% improvement compared to the network power flow studies.
本研究提出了一种规划方法，该方法考虑发电和输电系统的同步扩展，同时考虑发电单元、交流输电线路和高压直流（HVDC）系统的位置和规模。高压直流系统分别利用配备交流/直流和直流/交流电力电子转换器的交流和直流变电站，有效地调节和控制输电网络的无功功率。该问题旨在使建设指定部件和运行发电单元的年度总成本最小化。这受到诸如规模和投资预算限制、交流最优潮流模型以及可再生和不可再生发电单元的运行限制等约束。该方案包含一个非线性模型。利用红熊猫优化（RPO）来求解所提供的模型，以获得可靠且最优的解决方案。本研究聚焦于多项进展，包括高压直流电力系统的规划、高压直流变电站的无功功率调节以及使用RPO算法解决相关问题。从多个案例研究中收集的数值结果证明了所提方法在提升输电网络经济和技术方面的有效性。有效协调发电单元、交流输电线路和高压直流系统可显著提高网络的经济性能，与网络潮流研究相比，性能提升了10 - 40%。
