Azeem Azra, Kiran Nelofar
Azra Azeem, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Dr. Nelofar Kiran Rauf, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Nov;40(10):2223-2227. doi: 10.12669/pjms.40.10.8897.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Police officials who participated in war on terror were exposed to high frequency of traumatic exposures. Previous research suggests that exposure of war trauma can results in negative changes like stress and positive changes like growth. Our objective was to study the role of post-traumatic stress in relationship between war trauma and post traumatic growth among police officials.
In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2019 to December 2022. The sample consisted of 400 police officials (having direct and indirect exposure of war trauma) who participated in war on terror in FATA Pakistan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Relationship among trauma, PTS (Post traumatic stress) and PTG (Post traumatic growth) was assessed.
Findings from the present study indicated that stress played vital role in paving pathway from trauma to growth (β =0.08). Study results also confirmed that moderate level of stress is linked with positive changes like posttraumatic growth. R-square change in linear relationship among stress and posttraumatic growth was 0.59 but in curvilinear relationship among stress and posttraumatic growth R-square change was 0.77 which is higher than linear relationship which confirmed the curvilinear relationship between stress and growth and these findings proved that moderate level of stress after war trauma exposure produced higher levels of post traumatic growth. Conditional indirect effect of exposure to trauma on growth is highly significant (***p < .001) so the role of stress as mediator has been confirmed.
The study provided initial evidence that after trauma exposure levels of posttraumatic stress which is experienced play a significant role in the promotion of PTG.
参与反恐战争的警察面临着高频的创伤性暴露。先前的研究表明，战争创伤暴露会导致如压力等负面变化以及如成长等正面变化。我们的目的是研究创伤后应激在警察战争创伤与创伤后成长关系中的作用。
在这项于2019年1月至2022年12月进行的横断面研究中。样本包括400名参与巴基斯坦联邦直辖部落地区反恐战争的警察（有直接和间接战争创伤暴露经历）。采用非概率目的抽样技术进行样本选择。评估创伤、创伤后应激（PTS）和创伤后成长（PTG）之间的关系。
本研究结果表明，压力在从创伤到成长的路径中起着至关重要的作用（β =0.08）。研究结果还证实，适度的压力水平与创伤后成长等积极变化相关。压力与创伤后成长之间线性关系的R方变化为0.59，但压力与创伤后成长之间曲线关系的R方变化为0.77，高于线性关系，这证实了压力与成长之间的曲线关系，这些发现证明战争创伤暴露后适度的压力水平会产生更高水平的创伤后成长。创伤暴露对成长的条件间接效应非常显著（***p <.001），因此压力作为中介的作用得到了证实。
该研究提供了初步证据，表明创伤暴露后经历的创伤后应激水平在促进创伤后成长方面起着重要作用。
