Department of Philosophy, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Nov 1;12:1403197. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403197. eCollection 2024.
Obesity, characterized by excessive or abnormal fat accumulation, is a major public health concern. Air pollution is a significant potential obesogenic factor, but the clear direct and indirect correlations between air pollution and obesity remain unclear. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollution and obesity by identifying both direct and indirect causal correlations.
We used nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Survey. Air pollution concentrations were quantified as the mass (μg) of air pollutants per cubic meter (m) based on nationally representative statistical data. To minimize statistical bias inherent in traditional methods, the direct relationship between air pollution and obesity was estimated using a regression discontinuity model, while the potential underlying mechanisms were explored through structural equation modeling.
Air pollution was generally positively associated with overweight/obesity ( = 1.109, [95%CI = 1.027:1.305], = 1.032, [95%CI = 1.006:1.217], = 1.069, [95%CI = 1.014:1.208], PM and PM positively affected overweight/obesity ( = 1.173, [95%CI = 1.094:1.252], = 1.022, [95%CI = 1.016:1.028], = 1.035 [95%CI = 1.015:1.055], = 1.053, [95%CI = 1.030:1.076], = 1.008 [95%CI = 1.006:1.010], = 1.013 [95%CI = 1.007:1.019]), and SO and CO posed negative impacts on overweight/obesity ( = 0.972, [95%CI = 0.965:0.979], = 0.997, [95%CI = 0.996:0.998], = 0.994, [95%CI = 0.991:0.997], = 0.986, [95%CI = 0.980:0.992], = 0.998, [95%CI = 0.997:0.999], = 0.999, [95%CI = 0.998:0.999]). The impact of air pollution on overweight/obesity was more significant among men, older individuals, and rural populations compared to women, younger individuals, and urban populations. Furthermore, the relationship between air pollution and overweight/obesity was mediated by social behavior determinants, including physical activity ( = 0.18, [95%CI = 0.04:0.29]), sedentary behavior ( = 0.12, [95%CI = 0.04:0.16]), sleep (β = 0.06, [95%CI = 0.02:0.13], smoking (β = 0.07, [95%CI = 0.02:0.15]), alcohol consumption (β = 0.08, [95%CI = 0.04:0.11]), and mental health (β = 0.06, [95%CI = 0.01:0.09]).
Air pollution was generally associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, with PM and PM having a positive influence, while SO and CO had a negative impact. The effect of air pollution was more pronounced among men, older individuals, and rural populations compared to women, younger individuals, and urban populations. Additionally, social behavior factors, such as physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption, and mental health, predominantly mediated the relationship between air pollution and obesity.
肥胖是一种以脂肪过度或异常积累为特征的疾病，是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。空气污染是一个潜在的肥胖因素，但空气污染与肥胖之间的直接和间接关联尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过确定直接和间接因果关系，全面了解空气污染与肥胖之间的关系。
我们使用了来自中国家庭追踪调查的全国代表性数据。空气污染浓度以每立方米（m）空气中污染物的质量（μg）表示，基于全国代表性的统计数据。为了最小化传统方法固有的统计偏差，使用回归不连续模型估计空气污染与肥胖之间的直接关系，同时通过结构方程模型探索潜在的潜在机制。
空气污染与超重/肥胖总体呈正相关（ =1.109，[95%CI 1.027:1.305]， =1.032，[95%CI 1.006:1.217]， =1.069，[95%CI 1.014:1.208]，PM 和 PM 对超重/肥胖有正向影响（ =1.173，[95%CI 1.094:1.252]， =1.022，[95%CI 1.016:1.028]， =1.035 [95%CI 1.015:1.055]， =1.053，[95%CI 1.030:1.076]， =1.008 [95%CI 1.006:1.010]， =1.013 [95%CI 1.007:1.019]），而 SO 和 CO 对超重/肥胖有负面影响（ =0.972，[95%CI 0.965:0.979]， =0.997，[95%CI 0.996:0.998]， =0.994，[95%CI 0.991:0.997]， =0.986，[95%CI 0.980:0.992]， =0.998，[95%CI 0.997:0.999]， =0.999，[95%CI 0.998:0.999]）。与女性、年轻个体和城市人口相比，男性、老年个体和农村人口的空气污染对超重/肥胖的影响更为显著。此外，空气污染与超重/肥胖之间的关系通过社会行为决定因素（包括体力活动（ =0.18，[95%CI 0.04:0.29]）、久坐行为（ =0.12，[95%CI 0.04:0.16]）、睡眠（β=0.06，[95%CI 0.02:0.13]）、吸烟（β=0.07，[95%CI 0.02:0.15]）、饮酒（β=0.08，[95%CI 0.04:0.11]）和心理健康（β=0.06，[95%CI 0.01:0.09]））起到了中介作用。
空气污染总体上与超重和肥胖的风险增加相关，其中 PM 和 PM 具有正向影响，而 SO 和 CO 具有负向影响。与女性、年轻个体和城市人口相比，男性、老年个体和农村人口的空气污染对超重/肥胖的影响更为显著。此外，社会行为因素，如体力活动、久坐行为、睡眠、吸烟、饮酒和心理健康，主要介导了空气污染与肥胖之间的关系。
