Wang Ziqiao, Yao Rong, He Xuanshu, Cui Xin, Liao Zhihong, Liu Yantao, Wei Hanlin, Zhuang Zhenxiao, Chen Mengdie, Niu Jin
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2024 May 13;2024:1845188. doi: 10.1155/2024/1845188. eCollection 2024.
Fishmeal is an important protein source in aquafeed. However, due to the limited natural resources, fishmeal is in short supply, resulting in a price surge for fishmeal. Here, we reported a kind of Chinese medicine residue, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli residue (ECGGR), as a fishmeal substitute in the diets of . Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, substituting fishmeal at 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, 25%, and 31.25%. There was no significant difference in the growth performance when the fishmeal substitution level was no more than 25%. The smallest FCR was obtained at the 18.75% substitution level. Furthermore, substituting ECGGR for fishmeal had no effect on whole-body and muscle proximate compositions, except when the replacement level exceeded 25%, which led to a decrease in whole-body moisture and an increase in whole-body crude protein. The contents of Gly, Cys, Ile, Tyr, Pro, and EAAs/TAAs were altered as the substitution level varied. However, dietary replacement of fishmeal with ECGGR did not degrade muscle protein quality, according to a nutritional evaluation of muscle essential amino acid composition. In terms of hepatic antioxidant capacity, neither the overall antioxidant status nor the expression of genes in the Nrf2-ARE pathway was altered by dietary ECGGR. Moreover, the expressions of , , and in the intestine were upregulated at the 31.25% substitution level. Also, more goblet cells were observed in the intestine at substitution levels of 25% and 31.25%. In conclusion, ECGGR can substitute for fishmeal at the optimal level of 18.75% without adversely affecting the growth performance, protein quality, or hepatic and intestinal health of golden pompano.
鱼粉是水产饲料中的一种重要蛋白质来源。然而，由于自然资源有限，鱼粉供应短缺，导致鱼粉价格飙升。在此，我们报道了一种中药残渣，即鸡内金残渣（ECGGR），可作为鱼粉替代品用于饲料中。配制了六种等氮和等脂的饲料，分别用0%、6.25%、12.5%、18.75%、25%和31.25%的比例替代鱼粉。当鱼粉替代水平不超过25%时，生长性能无显著差异。在18.75%的替代水平下获得了最小的饲料系数。此外，用ECGGR替代鱼粉对鱼体和肌肉的常规成分没有影响，除非替代水平超过25%，此时会导致鱼体水分减少和鱼体粗蛋白增加。随着替代水平的变化，甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸以及必需氨基酸/总氨基酸的含量也发生了改变。然而，根据肌肉必需氨基酸组成的营养评估，用ECGGR替代饲料中的鱼粉并不会降低肌肉蛋白质质量。在肝脏抗氧化能力方面，饲料中的ECGGR既没有改变整体抗氧化状态，也没有改变Nrf2-ARE途径中基因的表达。此外，在31.25%的替代水平下，肠道中、和的表达上调。同时，在25%和31.25%的替代水平下，肠道中观察到更多的杯状细胞。总之，ECGGR可以在18.75%的最佳水平替代鱼粉，而不会对金鲳鱼的生长性能、蛋白质质量或肝脏和肠道健康产生不利影响。
