Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chiang, Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
BMC Geriatr. 2024 Nov 18;24(1):958. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-05551-8.
To investigate the efficacy of both multicomponent exercise and nutritional interventions on frailty by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine changes in frailty incidence.
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The included studies were limited to original controlled trials focused on frailty interventions in older adults aged 65 years and over. The studies involved only participants with specific diseases, and those recovering from surgery or being hospitalized were excluded.
A systematic search was performed on three databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, with the latest search in October 2024. Three authors independently extracted the data using a standardized data collection form. Relative risks were used as a summary measure. Pooled-effect estimates of each outcome were calculated by the random-effects meta-analysis.
After searching three databases, 5327 records were identified. After removing duplicates and screening the titles and abstracts, 19 multicomponent exercise studies and 7 nutritional intervention studies were eligible. In a pooled analysis of 18 multicomponent exercise RCTs, including a total of 3457 older adults, the multicomponent exercises showed a clinically significant reduction in frailty risk by relative change 55% times (95% CI 45% to 67%, p value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis of combinations of macronutrients and micronutrients also demonstrated statistically significant decrease in frailty risk by relative change 28% times (95% CI 11% to 72%, p value = 0.008).
Multicomponent exercises can effectively improve physical frailty, regardless of the duration and types of the activities, whereas the efficacy of nutritional supplements remains unclear. Personalized multicomponent approaches that incorporate both exercises and nutritional supplements have promised to enhance effectiveness in reducing frailty, thus warranting further investigation.
The study was registered on 12 September 2022, under PROSPERO registration number CRD42022357357.
通过系统评价和荟萃分析来研究多成分运动和营养干预对虚弱的疗效，以检查虚弱发生率的变化。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
纳入的研究仅限于针对 65 岁及以上老年人的虚弱干预的原始对照试验。研究仅涉及有特定疾病的参与者，排除了正在接受手术或住院治疗后正在康复的参与者。
在三个数据库（PUBMED、EMBASE 和 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health）中进行了系统检索，最新检索日期为 2024 年 10 月。三位作者使用标准化数据收集表独立提取数据。相对风险被用作汇总测量指标。使用随机效应荟萃分析计算每个结局的汇总效应估计值。
在搜索三个数据库后，共确定了 5327 条记录。在去除重复项并筛选标题和摘要后，有 19 项多成分运动研究和 7 项营养干预研究符合纳入标准。在对 18 项多成分运动 RCT 的荟萃分析中，共纳入了 3457 名老年人，多成分运动显示出虚弱风险相对变化 55%（95%CI 45%至 67%，p 值<0.001）的显著临床降低。宏量营养素和微量营养素组合的亚组分析也表明，虚弱风险的相对变化降低了 28%（95%CI 11%至 72%，p 值=0.008）。
多成分运动可以有效改善身体虚弱，无论活动的持续时间和类型如何，而营养补充剂的疗效尚不清楚。包含运动和营养补充剂的个性化多成分方法有望提高降低虚弱的效果，因此值得进一步研究。
该研究于 2022 年 9 月 12 日在 PROSPERO 注册，注册号为 CRD42022357357。
