Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-900, PR, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-900, PR, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 3;18(17):9324. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179324.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of exergames and protein supplementation on the body composition and musculoskeletal function of pre-frail older women. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 90 pre-frail older women (71.2 ± 4.5 years old) divided into five groups: control (CG); exergames training (ETG); protein supplementation (PSG); exergames combined with protein supplementation (ETPSG); exergames combined with isoenergetic supplementation (ETISG). The primary outcomes were pre-frailty status, body composition (appendicular muscle mass (ASM); appendicular muscle mass index (ASMI)) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and gastrocnemius muscle architecture via ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were protein intake, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, plantar and dorsiflexion isokinetic peak torque, and handgrip strength (HS). Data were analyzed using an ANOVA mixed model test and Bonferroni post hoc test ( < 0.05). The ETG showed a reduction of ASM (16.7 ± 3.4 vs. 16.1 ± 3.3 kg; Δ = -0.5; = 0.02; = 0.26) and ASMI (6.8 ± 0.9 vs. 6.5 ± 0.9 kg; Δ = -0.2; = 0.03; = 0.35), without changing ASM in other groups. The average protein intake in the supplemented groups (PSG and ETPSG) was 1.1 ± 0.2 g/kg/day. The dorsiflexion peak torque increased 11.4% in ETPSG (16.3 ± 2.5 vs. 18.4 ± 4.2 Nm; = 0.021; = -0.58). The HS increased by 13.7% in ETG (20.1 ± 7.2 vs. 23.3 ± 6.2 kg, Δ = 3.2 ± 4.9, = 0.004, = -0.48). The fatigue/exhaustion reduced by 100% in ETG, 75% in PSG, and 100% in ETPSG. Physical training with exergames associated with protein supplementation reversed pre-frailty status, improved the ankle dorsiflexors torque, and ameliorated fatigue/exhaustion in pre-frail older women.
本研究旨在探讨运动游戏和蛋白质补充对衰弱前期老年女性身体成分和肌肉骨骼功能的影响。方法：采用随机对照临床试验，纳入 90 名衰弱前期老年女性（71.2 ± 4.5 岁），分为 5 组：对照组（CG）；运动游戏训练组（ETG）；蛋白质补充组（PSG）；运动游戏联合蛋白质补充组（ETPSG）；运动游戏联合等能量补充组（ETISG）。主要结局为衰弱前期状态、通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估的四肢骨骼肌质量（ASM）；四肢骨骼肌质量指数（ASMI））和通过超声评估的比目鱼肌肌结构。次要结局为蛋白质摄入量、白细胞介素（IL）-6 血浆水平、足底和背屈等速峰值扭矩和握力（HS）。数据分析采用方差混合模型检验和 Bonferroni 事后检验（ < 0.05）。ETG 组的 ASM（16.7 ± 3.4 与 16.1 ± 3.3 kg；Δ=-0.5； = 0.02； = 0.26）和 ASMI（6.8 ± 0.9 与 6.5 ± 0.9 kg；Δ=-0.2； = 0.03； = 0.35）减少，而其他组的 ASM 没有变化。补充组（PSG 和 ETPSG）的平均蛋白质摄入量为 1.1 ± 0.2 g/kg/天。ETPSG 组背屈峰值扭矩增加 11.4%（16.3 ± 2.5 与 18.4 ± 4.2 Nm； = 0.021； = -0.58）。ETG 组握力增加 13.7%（20.1 ± 7.2 与 23.3 ± 6.2 kg，Δ=3.2 ± 4.9， = 0.004， = -0.48）。ETG 组疲劳/乏力完全缓解，PSG 组缓解 75%，ETPSG 组缓解 100%。衰弱前期老年女性进行运动游戏联合蛋白质补充的身体训练可逆转衰弱前期状态，改善踝背屈肌扭矩，并改善疲劳/乏力。
