Yekani Mina, Dizaj Solmaz Maleki, Sharifi Simin, Sedaghat Hossein, Saffari Mahmood, Memar Mohammad Yousef
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 24;10(21):e38392. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38392. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
Osteomyelitis caused by drug-resistant pathogens is one of the most important medical challenges due to high rates of mortality and morbidity, and limited therapeutical options. The application of novel nano-scaffolds loaded with antibiotics has widely been studied and extensively evaluated for and inhibition of pathogens, regenerating damaged bone tissue, and increasing bone cell proliferation. The treatment of bone infections using the local osteogenic scaffolds loaded with antimicrobial agents may efficiently overcome the problems of the systemic use of antimicrobial agents and provide a controlled release and sufficient local levels of antibiotics in the infected sites. The present study reviewed various nano-scaffolds delivery systems of antimicrobial drugs evaluated to treat osteomyelitis. Nano-scaffolds offer promising approaches because they simulate natural tissue regeneration in terms of their mechanical, structural, and sometimes chemical properties. The potential of several nano-scaffolds prepared by natural polymers such as silk, collagen, gelatin, fibrinogen, chitosan, cellulose, hyaluronic, alginate, and synthetic compounds such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), poly-ɛ-caprolactone have been studied for usage as drug delivery systems of antimicrobial agents to treat osteomyelitis. In addition to incorporated antimicrobial agents and the content of scaffolds, the physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared delivery systems are a determining factor in their effectiveness in treating osteomyelitis.
由耐药病原体引起的骨髓炎是最重要的医学挑战之一，因为其死亡率和发病率高，且治疗选择有限。负载抗生素的新型纳米支架的应用已得到广泛研究，并针对病原体抑制、受损骨组织再生以及骨细胞增殖增加进行了广泛评估。使用负载抗菌剂的局部成骨支架治疗骨感染可有效克服全身使用抗菌剂的问题，并在感染部位实现抗生素的控释和足够的局部浓度。本研究综述了为治疗骨髓炎而评估的各种抗菌药物纳米支架递送系统。纳米支架提供了有前景的方法，因为它们在机械、结构甚至化学性质方面模拟天然组织再生。已经研究了几种由天然聚合物如丝、胶原蛋白、明胶、纤维蛋白原、壳聚糖、纤维素、透明质酸、藻酸盐以及合成化合物如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚（乳酸 - 乙醇酸）、聚 - ε - 己内酯制备的纳米支架作为抗菌剂药物递送系统用于治疗骨髓炎的潜力。除了掺入的抗菌剂和支架的含量外，所制备递送系统的物理和化学特性是其治疗骨髓炎有效性的决定性因素。
