College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 19;14(1):28583. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79876-0.
Phosphorus deficiency is a major influence on growth and development of soybean. Therefore, improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in soybean is a research priority for the soybean community. In this experiment, Liaodou 13 (high phosphorus utilization: HPE) and Tiefeng 3 (low phosphorus utilization: LPE) were used as test varieties. We investigated changes in root morphology, amino acid content, and content of key substances of the nitrogen metabolic pathway with normal phosphorus (0.5 mM) and low phosphorus (0.005 mM) treatments. The results showed that the root length, root surface area and number of lateral roots of HPE roots were higher than those of LPE roots under normal and low phosphorus conditions. The contents of different types of amino acids showed different trends in two varieties. The HPE showed small change in the content of total hydrolyzed amino acids under the low phosphorus condition when compared to the normal phosphorus treatment by a 6.67% decrease, on the contrary LPE showed a drastic decrease by 20.36%. However, HPE exhibited similar decreasing trends in the contents of hydrolyzed and free aspartic acid with the low phosphorus treatment. Moreover, the contents of free histidine and valine in LPE were significantly increased by 657.84% and 149.29% respectively, in contrast to significant decreases in HPE. In aspects of major nutrient elements, the contents of phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in both HPE and LPE varieties decreased to dramatic levels. However, the nitrate nitrogen content significantly increased 78.51% for HPE and 65.12% for LPE. Compare to the normal condition, the GOGAT activity in HPE decreased by 5.18% but increased by 33.10% in LPE. Compare to the normal condition, the GS activity in HPE increased by 7.26% but decreased by 21.72% in LPE under phosphorus deficiency. In summary, the phosphorus-efficient soybean variety HPE exhibited superior tolerance to low phosphorus deficiency through advantageous root morphology, phosphorus uptake and transfer capability, and balanced amino acid metabolism and nitrogen metabolism pathways.
缺磷会严重影响大豆的生长和发育。因此，提高大豆对磷的利用效率是大豆研究领域的重点。本试验以高磷利用品种辽豆 13（HPE）和低磷利用品种铁丰 3（LPE）为试材，研究了正常磷（0.5 mM）和低磷（0.005 mM）处理下大豆根系形态、氨基酸含量及氮代谢途径关键物质含量的变化。结果表明，正常和低磷条件下，HPE 的根长、根表面积和侧根数均高于 LPE。两种品种不同类型氨基酸的含量表现出不同的趋势。与正常磷处理相比，低磷条件下 HPE 总水解氨基酸含量仅下降 6.67%，变化较小，而 LPE 则下降 20.36%。但 HPE 水解和游离天冬氨酸含量呈相似的下降趋势。此外，与 HPE 相比，LPE 游离组氨酸和缬氨酸含量分别显著增加了 657.84%和 149.29%。在主要营养元素方面，两种品种的磷、全氮和氨氮含量均显著降低，而硝态氮含量显著增加，HPE 增加 78.51%，LPE 增加 65.12%。与正常条件相比，HPE 的谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）活性降低了 5.18%，而 LPE 的增加了 33.10%。与正常条件相比，HPE 的谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性增加了 7.26%，而 LPE 的降低了 21.72%。综上所述，磷高效品种 HPE 通过有利的根系形态、磷吸收和转运能力以及平衡的氨基酸代谢和氮代谢途径，表现出对低磷胁迫的较强耐性。
