Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 19;24(1):823. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06175-3.
BACKGROUND: The relationship between public health emergencies and psychological distress had been well known, yet none research had been conducted on the trend in psychological resilience and its longitudinal determinants during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the changes of psychological resilience of university students during COVID-19 pandemic, and further clarify the longitudinal relationship between family factors, mental health, social mentality and psychological resilience. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to students from five universities in Shandong Province, China during the COVID-19. A total of 1635 students were finally included in this three-wave follow-up study using stratified random sampling method. Mental health was assessed by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, social mentality was measured by the Bi-Dimensional Structure Questionnaire of Social Mentality, psychological resilience was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the longitudinal changes of psychological resilience, generalized estimating equation (GEE) was conducted to estimate the determinants of psychological resilience. RESULTS: Psychological resilience changed from 28.37 in Wave 1, 29.10 in Wave 2, and 29.15 in Wave 3 among the university students. The students who majored in Art (β = 0.872, P = 0.032), parents (mother β = 0.546, P = 0.035; father β = 0.718, P = 0.012) had a greater influence on children's personality, and positive social mentality (β = 5.725, P < 0.001) were more likely to report a higher psychological resilience. Being female (β=-0.932, P < 0.001), not being a student leader (β=-0.911, P < 0.001), being anxious (β=-1.845, P < 0.001) and depressed (β=-1.846, P < 0.001), and negative social mentality (β=-0.803, P < 0.001) were less likely to report a higher psychological resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological resilience of the university students in Shandong Province, China increased significantly from Wave 1 to Wave 3 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Majoring in Art, parents having a greater influence on children's personality, better mental health, positive social mentality were more likely to report a higher psychological resilience, while female, not student leader, worse mental health, and negative social mentality were less likely to report a higher the psychological resilience.
背景：公众健康突发事件与心理困扰之间的关系已得到充分认识，但在大流行期间，尚未有研究针对心理弹性的变化趋势及其纵向决定因素展开研究。本研究旨在探讨新冠疫情期间大学生心理弹性的变化情况，并进一步阐明家庭因素、心理健康、社会心态与心理弹性之间的纵向关系。
方法：本研究采用分层随机抽样方法，从中国山东省的五所大学中抽取学生进行问卷调查。共对 1635 名学生进行了三次随访研究。使用抑郁焦虑压力量表评估心理健康，使用双维社会心态结构问卷评估社会心态，使用中文版心理弹性量表评估心理弹性。采用重复测量方差分析比较大学生心理弹性的纵向变化，采用广义估计方程（GEE）分析心理弹性的决定因素。
结果：大学生的心理弹性从第 1 波的 28.37 分、第 2 波的 29.10 分和第 3 波的 29.15 分逐渐变化。艺术专业（β=0.872，P=0.032）、父母（母亲β=0.546，P=0.035；父亲β=0.718，P=0.012）对孩子个性影响较大，积极的社会心态（β=5.725，P<0.001）更有可能报告较高的心理弹性。女性（β=-0.932，P<0.001）、非学生干部（β=-0.911，P<0.001）、焦虑（β=-1.845，P<0.001）和抑郁（β=-1.846，P<0.001）、消极的社会心态（β=-0.803，P<0.001）更不容易报告较高的心理弹性。
结论：在新冠疫情期间，中国山东省大学生的心理弹性从第 1 波到第 3 波显著增加。艺术专业、父母对孩子个性影响较大、心理健康状况较好、社会心态积极更有可能报告较高的心理弹性，而女性、非学生干部、心理健康状况较差、社会心态消极则不太可能报告较高的心理弹性。
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