University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Nov 11;10(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00973-8.
Insurgents of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant created a crisis that has had immediate and long-term consequences for the population in Iraq. Yazidis are among the most affected ethnos religious groups in the region. The current study focuses on investigating the level of psychological distress and its association with subjective resilience among the Yazidi minority 6 years after the attack by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
The present study recruited four hundred and twenty-two Yazidi individuals (50.8% female) residing in two camps in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. In face-to-face interviews, each participant replied to different scales to measure psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), perceived stress, and subjective resilience. In addition, they were asked questions about mental health and psychosocial service acquisition.
The results indicate that levels of psychological distress were high among the target population; around 65% of respondents reported having some level of psychological distress. Moreover, women showed not only higher level of psychological distress but also revealed slightly lower subjective resilience as compared to male participants. Hierarchical regressions showed that subjective resilience significantly contributed to the predictive model of distress beyond demographics and having received or not mental health and psychosocial support. Subjective resilience was significantly associated to less anxiety (R = .157, ΔR = .022, p = .010) and stress (R = .083, ΔR = .026, p = .008) in Mam-Rashan camp; and to less depression (R = .184, ΔR = .095, p < .001), anxiety (R = .140, ΔR = .024, p = .034), stress (R = .046, ΔR = .047, p = .005), and perceived stress (R = .024, ΔR = .032, p = .022) in Shekhan camp.
Conflict and displacement contribute to high level of psychological distress. Resilience, however, seem to have a negative association with psychological distress. Additionally, living conditions and sex also played an important role in both psychological distress and resilience. Consequently, Yazidi community residing in camps are in need of further support to alleviate the consequences of displacement. We critically discuss the differences in the results among participants per camp and by sex, and its implications.
伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国的叛乱分子制造了一场危机，这场危机立即对伊拉克人民产生了长期影响。雅兹迪人是该地区受影响最大的宗教群体之一。目前的研究重点是调查在伊拉克伊斯兰国和黎凡特袭击事件发生 6 年后，雅兹迪少数民族的心理困扰程度及其与主观韧性的关系。
本研究招募了居住在伊拉克库尔德地区两个难民营中的 422 名雅兹迪人（50.8%为女性）。在面对面的访谈中，每位参与者回答了不同的量表，以衡量心理困扰（即抑郁、焦虑和压力）、感知压力和主观韧性。此外，他们还被问到有关心理健康和心理社会服务获取的问题。
研究结果表明，目标人群的心理困扰水平较高；约 65%的受访者报告存在某种程度的心理困扰。此外，与男性参与者相比，女性不仅表现出更高水平的心理困扰，而且显示出稍低的主观韧性。分层回归显示，主观韧性除了人口统计学因素以及是否获得心理健康和心理社会支持之外，对困扰的预测模型有显著贡献。主观韧性与 Mam-Rashan 营地的焦虑（R=0.157，ΔR=0.022，p=0.010）和压力（R=0.083，ΔR=0.026，p=0.008）显著相关；与 Shekhan 营地的抑郁（R=0.184，ΔR=0.095，p<0.001）、焦虑（R=0.140，ΔR=0.024，p=0.034）、压力（R=0.046，ΔR=0.047，p=0.005）和感知压力（R=0.024，ΔR=0.032，p=0.022）显著相关。
冲突和流离失所导致心理困扰水平较高。然而，韧性似乎与心理困扰呈负相关。此外，生活条件和性别也在心理困扰和韧性方面发挥了重要作用。因此，居住在难民营中的雅兹迪社区需要进一步的支持，以减轻流离失所的后果。我们批判性地讨论了营地中参与者之间以及按性别划分的结果差异及其影响。
