Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 20;15(1):10070. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54452-2.
NLR receptor is suggested as a component of plant nonhost resistance (NHR). However, the evolutionary process of how plants develop receptors for recognizing broad-spectrum pathogens is still elusive. Here, we observe that multiple RxLR effector families including 12 reported avirulence effectors of Phytophthora infestans are broadly conserved across the Phytophthora species. We select 69 effectors distributed into 8 families from 6 Phytophthora species, and confirm that 60.87% of the tested effectors are recognized by Solanum NLRs according to their defined families. Furthermore, we confirm that expression of R1, R8, and Rpi-amr1 confer broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Phytophthora species. Combined results suggest that conserved effector families of Phytophthora species allow solanaceous plants to recognize broad-spectrum pathogens via NLRs that originally reported to recognize P. infestans. Thus, NLR-mediated recognition would contribute to NHR against pathogens that possess similar repertoires of effectors. Moreover, this homology-based approach would be applicable to other plant-pathogen systems and provide an alternative strategy of genetic mapping to identify functional NLRs against various crop-threatening pathogens.
NLR 受体被认为是植物非寄主抗性（NHR）的一个组成部分。然而，植物如何发展识别广谱病原体的受体的进化过程仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们观察到多个 RxLR 效应子家族，包括已报道的 Phytophthora infestans 的 12 种无毒效应子，在整个 Phytophthora 物种中广泛保守。我们从 6 种 Phytophthora 物种中选择了 69 种分布在 8 个家族的效应子，并根据其定义的家族确认 60.87%的测试效应子被茄属 NLR 识别。此外，我们证实 R1、R8 和 Rpi-amr1 的表达赋予了对多种 Phytophthora 物种的广谱抗性。综合结果表明，Phytophthora 物种的保守效应子家族允许茄属植物通过最初报道识别 P. infestans 的 NLR 识别广谱病原体。因此，NLR 介导的识别将有助于对具有相似效应子库的病原体的 NHR。此外，这种基于同源性的方法将适用于其他植物-病原体系统，并提供一种替代的遗传图谱策略，以鉴定针对各种威胁作物的病原体的功能 NLR。
