Garrisi Kathryn, Tsai Angelina Pei-Tzu, Patel Kinjal K, Gruhn Meredith A, Giletta Matteo, Hastings Paul D, Nock Matthew K, Rudolph Karen D, Slavich George M, Prinstein Mitchell J, Miller Adam Bryant, Sheridan Margaret A
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Child Maltreat. 2024 Nov 21:10775595241301746. doi: 10.1177/10775595241301746.
Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes. Research implicates brain structure following CA as a key mechanism of this risk, and recent models suggest different forms of adversity differentially impact neural structure as a function of development (accelerated or attenuated development). Employing the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, we examined whether deprivation and threat differentially impact age-related change in cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical structure volume, using whole-brain and region of interest analyses ( = 135). In youth without CA, age predicted less surface area across adolescence, consistent with normative data. However, for adolescents with more deprivation exposure, as age increased there was attenuated surface area decreases in the orbitofrontal and superior-parietal cortex, regions recruited for higher-order cognition. Further, for those with more threat exposure, as age increased surface area increased in the inferior-temporal and parietal cortex, regions recruited in socio-emotional tasks. These novel findings extend work examining the impact of dimensions of adversity at a single-age and broaden current conceptualizations of how adversity might impact developmental timing.
童年逆境（CA）与负面健康结果风险增加相关。研究表明，CA后的脑结构是这种风险的关键机制，最近的模型表明，不同形式的逆境根据发育情况（加速或减缓发育）对神经结构有不同影响。采用逆境与精神病理学维度模型，我们使用全脑和感兴趣区域分析（N = 135），研究了剥夺和威胁是否对皮质厚度、皮质表面积和皮质下结构体积的年龄相关变化有不同影响。在没有CA的青少年中，年龄预测整个青春期表面积减少，这与规范数据一致。然而，对于经历更多剥夺的青少年，随着年龄增长，眶额皮质和顶上叶皮质（参与高阶认知的区域）的表面积减少减缓。此外，对于经历更多威胁的青少年，随着年龄增长，颞下回和顶叶皮质（参与社会情感任务的区域）的表面积增加。这些新发现扩展了在单一年龄研究逆境维度影响的工作，并拓宽了当前关于逆境如何影响发育时间的概念。
