Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2022 May;34(2):499-511. doi: 10.1017/S0954579421001826. Epub 2022 Mar 22.
Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early experience during periods of developmental plasticity is one pathway that contributes to these associations. Dimensional models specify mechanistic pathways linking different dimensions of adversity to health and well-being outcomes later in life. While findings from existing studies testing these dimensions have provided promising preliminary support for these models, less agreement exists about how to measure the experiences that comprise each dimension. Here, we review existing approaches to measuring two dimensions of adversity: threat and deprivation. We recommend specific measures for measuring these constructs and, when possible, document when the same measure can be used by different reporters and across the lifespan to maximize the utility with which these recommendations can be applied. Through this approach, we hope to stimulate progress in understanding how particular dimensions of early environmental experience contribute to lifelong health.
儿童时期经历逆境与一生中众多身心健康结果的升高有关。在发育可塑性时期，早期经历的生物嵌入是导致这些关联的途径之一。维度模型指定了将逆境的不同维度与以后的健康和幸福结果联系起来的机制途径。虽然现有研究这些维度的研究结果为这些模型提供了有希望的初步支持，但对于如何衡量每个维度的组成经验，意见分歧较小。在这里，我们回顾了衡量逆境两个维度的现有方法：威胁和剥夺。我们为衡量这些结构推荐了具体的措施，并在可能的情况下记录了不同报告者和整个生命周期中可以使用相同措施的情况，以最大限度地利用这些建议的实用性。通过这种方法，我们希望能促进理解特定维度的早期环境经验如何对终生健康做出贡献的研究进展。
