Hubbard Colin D, Cross Troy J, Merdich Garrett Z, Vrdoljak Dario, Foretic Nikola, Dujić Željko, Duke Joseph W
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Heat and Health Research Centre, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Exp Physiol. 2025 Mar;110(3):382-390. doi: 10.1113/EP091346. Epub 2024 Nov 21.
A maximal apnoea provides significant challenges to one's physiological systems, including significantly altered arterial blood gases, and requires a highly integrative response from multiple systems, that is, changes in blood pressure, maintenance of cerebral blood flow, etc. Previous work and reviews have focused on the cardiovascular responses to a maximal apnoea, but very little work has focused upon the responses of the respiratory muscles and respiratory mechanics. This is important because of the changes to arterial blood gases leading to an increased drive to breath and the appearance of involuntary respiratory muscle contractions. This review outlines what is known about how the respiratory system responds to a maximal apnoea. We put forth the hypothesis that the respiratory muscles may become fatigued following a maximal apnoea and that the respiratory muscles of elite divers may be more fatigue-resistant, which could be an important feature of these individuals which allows them to be successful in this sport. Finally, we provide direction for future work to explore the long-term health of apnoea diving.
最大屏息对人体生理系统构成重大挑战，包括动脉血气显著改变，且需要多个系统做出高度整合的反应，即血压变化、维持脑血流量等。以往的研究和综述主要关注心血管系统对最大屏息的反应，但很少有研究关注呼吸肌和呼吸力学的反应。这一点很重要，因为动脉血气的变化会导致呼吸驱动力增加以及不自主呼吸肌收缩的出现。本综述概述了目前已知的呼吸系统对最大屏息的反应情况。我们提出一个假设，即最大屏息后呼吸肌可能会疲劳，而精英潜水员的呼吸肌可能更耐疲劳，这可能是这些人在这项运动中取得成功的一个重要特征。最后，我们为未来探索屏息潜水长期健康状况的研究提供了方向。
