Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2024 Nov 22;18:e281. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2024.299.
Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) pose significant challenges to health care systems, especially regarding emergency preparedness and response. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and burden of MCIs in Spain from 2014 to 2022, focusing on the type, frequency, and impact of these incidents on public health and emergency services.
A population-based retrospective observational study examined MCIs in Spain between January 2014 and December 2022. Data were collected from various emergency services. Incidents involving 4 or more victims requiring medical assistance and ambulance mobilization were included. The study categorized MCIs into 5 types: road traffic accidents, fires and explosions, chemical poisonings, maritime accidents, and others.
A total of 1618 MCIs resulting in 8556 victims were identified, averaging 15 (95% CI, 11-19) incidents per month, with 79% due to road traffic accidents and 13% to fires and explosions, which also had the highest average of 7.6 victims per incident. Despite maritime accidents comprising only 1.9% of incidents, they had the highest fatality rate. MCIs were more frequent on weekends, in January and July, and between 3:00 PM and 9:00 PM. The average response time was 38 minutes, with 35% of victims sustaining severe injuries.
Despite a slight decrease in annual MCIs from 2014 to 2022 in Spain, the trend is not statistically significant. The study highlights the need for a national registry and standardized data collection to enhance emergency preparedness and response planning and facilitate the reduction of the MCI burden.
大规模伤亡事件（MCIs）对医疗保健系统构成重大挑战，特别是在应急准备和应对方面。本研究旨在分析 2014 年至 2022 年期间西班牙的 MCI 的流行病学特征和负担，重点关注这些事件对公共卫生和应急服务的类型、频率和影响。
本研究采用基于人群的回顾性观察研究方法，分析了 2014 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间西班牙的 MCI。数据来自各种应急服务收集。研究纳入了涉及 4 名或以上需要医疗援助和救护车出动的受害者的事件。研究将 MCI 分为 5 种类型：道路交通碰撞、火灾和爆炸、化学中毒、海上事故和其他。
共确定了 1618 起导致 8556 名受害者的 MCI，平均每月发生 15 起（95%CI，11-19 起），其中 79%是由道路交通碰撞引起的，13%是由火灾和爆炸引起的，这两种类型的平均每起事件的受害者人数也最高，为 7.6 人。尽管海上事故仅占事件的 1.9%，但其死亡率最高。MCI 更频繁发生在周末、1 月和 7 月以及下午 3 点至 9 点。平均反应时间为 38 分钟，35%的受害者伤势严重。
尽管西班牙 2014 年至 2022 年期间每年的 MCI 略有减少，但这种趋势在统计学上并不显著。该研究强调需要建立国家登记处和标准化数据收集，以加强应急准备和应对规划，并促进减少 MCI 负担。
