Phylogenetic analysis shows that (Pyrenulaceae) diversity is larger than expected: three new species and one new record discovered in China.

The lichenised fungal genus is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. We carried out an integrative taxonomic study on in China using morphological, anatomical, chemical characters, and molecular data (ITS, nuLSU, mtSSU). Three new species with muriform ascospores containing red oil when over-mature were found: , and Molecular data and TLC results of and are for the first time reported and show that they are not synonyms. This is the first report of in China. Contrary to the previous reports of this genus, we found lichen substances in all the five species in this study, seemingly terpenoids. A key for the species reported in China is provided.