Geiser David M, Gueidan Cécile, Miadlikowska Jolanta, Lutzoni François, Kauff Frank, Hofstetter Valérie, Fraker Emily, Schoch Conrad L, Tibell Leif, Untereiner Wendy A, Aptroot André
Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):1053-64. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1053.
The class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) is a monophyletic group comprising two major clades of very different ascomycetous fungi: (i) the subclass Eurotiomycetidae, a clade that contains most of the fungi previously recognized as Plectomycetes because of their mostly enclosed ascomata and prototunicate asci; and (ii) the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae, a group of fungi that produce ascomata with an opening reminiscent of those produced by Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses based on data available from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project (AFTOL), in addition to sequences in GenBank, to outline this important group of fungi. The Eurotiomycetidae include producers of toxic and useful secondary metabolites, fermentation agents used to make food products and enzymes, xerophiles and psychrophiles, and the important genetics model Aspergillus nidulans. The Chaetothyriomycetidae include the common black yeast fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans and animals, as well as some primarily lichenized groups newly found to be phylogenetically associated with this group. The recently proposed order Mycocaliciales shows a sister relationship with Eurotiomycetes. The great majority of human pathogenic Pezizomycotina are Eurotiomycetes, particularly in Eurotiales, Onygenales and Chaetothyriales. Due to their broad importance in basic research, industry and public health, several genome projects have focused on species in Onygenales and Eurotiales.
散囊菌纲（子囊菌门，粪壳菌纲）是一个单系类群，由两类截然不同的子囊菌组成：（i）散囊菌亚纲，该分支包含大多数以前被归为不整囊菌纲的真菌，因为它们的子囊果大多封闭，子囊为原壁型；（ii）刺盾炱亚纲，这一类真菌产生的子囊果有开口，让人联想到座囊菌纲或粪壳菌纲产生的子囊果。在本文中，我们除了使用GenBank中的序列外，还基于“构建真菌生命树计划”（AFTOL）提供的数据进行系统发育分析，以概述这一重要的真菌类群。散囊菌亚纲包括有毒和有用次生代谢产物的生产者、用于制作食品和酶的发酵剂、嗜旱菌和嗜冷菌，以及重要的遗传学模式生物构巢曲霉。刺盾炱亚纲包括常见的黑色酵母真菌，其中一些是人和动物的病原体以及一些新发现与该类群在系统发育上相关的主要地衣化类群。最近提出的 Mycocaliciales 目与散囊菌纲表现出姐妹关系。绝大多数人类致病的粪壳菌纲真菌是散囊菌纲，特别是在散囊菌目、爪甲团囊菌目和刺盾炱目中。由于它们在基础研究、工业和公共卫生方面具有广泛的重要性，几个基因组计划都聚焦于爪甲团囊菌目和散囊菌目的物种。
