Manik Khaleel A, Joice P P Sheela, Jagadal Imran A, T K Jithesh, Samundeeswari Vijaya, Madompoyil Basheer, Pinjar Mohammed Jaffer
Physiology, Vinayaka Mission's University, Salem, IND.
Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 22;16(10):e72107. doi: 10.7759/cureus.72107. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of conditions that includes abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, high triglycerides, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Of the biomarkers above, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been highlighted as a critical link between inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which strongly predicts cardiovascular events. Micronutrients like magnesium and zinc are essential in maintaining metabolic and cardiovascular health, but these micronutrient deficiencies occur frequently among individuals with MetS. This study aimed to consider the association between serum magnesium and zinc levels with Lp-PLA2 and how these associations could link pathways in cardiovascular risk among MetS patients.
This was a comparative cross-sectional study of 100 cases diagnosed as MetS and compared with an equal number (n = 100) of age and matched healthy control. Blood magnesium, zinc, and Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by colorimetric assay. We also tested the association of Lp-PLA2 with levels of micronutrients, and we evaluated whether Lp-PLA2 was a mediator in the pathway between MetS and cardiovascular risk. The data were analyzed on IBM Corp. Released 2021. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; the results will be considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.
The serum magnesium and zinc concentrations in patients with MetS were significantly lower than in the controls (p < 0.001). The Lp-PLA2 level was much higher in the MetS group than the no-MetS, and it correlated inversely with serum Mg (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) or Zn levels (r = -0.42, p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, the mediating effect of Lp-PLA2 in the pathway from micronutrient deficiency to cardiovascular risk was maintained, whereby high levels were associated with increased atherogenic index and oxidative stress markers.
These results show that Lp-PLA2 is an intermediate step in the relationship between low levels of some micronutrients and cardiovascular risk among MetS patients. Our findings indicate that a sufficient magnesium and zinc status might offer cardiovascular protection through lessening Lp-PLA2 activity. These observations demonstrate the potential benefits of high-risk enrichment and dietary intervention for detecting and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in MetS subjects to impede further cardiovascular diseases.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一组病症，包括腹部肥胖、低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平、高甘油三酯、高血压和葡萄糖代谢受损，所有这些都是心血管疾病的危险因素。在上述生物标志物中，脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）已被视为炎症与动脉粥样硬化发病机制之间的关键联系，它能有力地预测心血管事件。镁和锌等微量营养素对维持代谢和心血管健康至关重要，但在患有代谢综合征的个体中，这些微量营养素缺乏情况经常出现。本研究旨在探讨血清镁和锌水平与Lp-PLA2之间的关联，以及这些关联如何在代谢综合征患者的心血管风险途径中建立联系。
这是一项比较性横断面研究，对100例被诊断为代谢综合征的患者进行研究，并与同等数量（n = 100）年龄匹配的健康对照者进行比较。采用比色法测定血镁、锌和Lp-PLA2水平。我们还测试了Lp-PLA2与微量营养素水平之间的关联，并评估Lp-PLA2是否为代谢综合征与心血管风险之间途径的中介物。数据采用IBM公司2021年发布的IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows，版本28.0进行分析。纽约州阿蒙克市：IBM公司；如果p < 0.05，结果将被视为具有统计学意义。
代谢综合征患者的血清镁和锌浓度显著低于对照组（p < 0.001）。代谢综合征组的Lp-PLA2水平远高于非代谢综合征组，且与血清镁（r = -0.35，p < 0.001）或锌水平（r = -0.42，p < 0.001）呈负相关。多因素分析后，Lp-PLA2在从微量营养素缺乏到心血管风险途径中的中介作用得以维持，即高水平与动脉粥样硬化指数和氧化应激标志物增加相关。
这些结果表明，Lp-PLA2是代谢综合征患者中某些微量营养素水平低与心血管风险之间关系的中间环节。我们的研究结果表明，充足的镁和锌状态可能通过降低Lp-PLA2活性提供心血管保护。这些观察结果证明了高危人群强化和饮食干预在检测和控制代谢综合征患者微量营养素缺乏以预防进一步心血管疾病方面的潜在益处。
