Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
ToNIC, NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Brain Behav. 2024 Nov;14(11):e70148. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70148.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) leads to cognitive deficiencies, alteration of brain activity associated with an increase in slow-wave (delta and theta bands) power, and reduced fast-wave (alpha, beta, and gamma bands) power. To compensate for the cognitive deficits that impact autonomy and quality of life, patients in a chronic phase can benefit from cognitive intervention.
This study explores the effects of cognitive intervention on brain activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), and on executive functioning, assessed by the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery.
We provided an ecological rehabilitation intervention, simulating real-life tasks adapted for patients with chronic cognitive disorders. A single-case experimental design (SCED) assessed patients' performance in terms of correct responses percentage (CRs) and reaction times (RTs), and EEG spectral powers before and 1 month after the intervention. The TAP tasks included working memory (WM), divided attention (DA), inhibition (GO), and flexibility (FL). EEG frequency powers were also measured during resting states.
One month after the intervention, significant improvements were observed in CRs and RTs for the FL task. Increases in all frequency band powers occurred during FL, WM, and DA tasks, except for alpha bands in DA. In the GO task, delta and gamma power also increased after the intervention. No significant changes were found during resting-state EEG. The results of this open study, without a control group, are preliminary.
The effects of the therapy are mostly reflected by changes in mental FL performance and altered EEG patterns during cognitive tasks, particularly in slow and fast-frequency bands. We argue that cognitive intervention could amplify the compensatory mechanisms following brain damage and/or ease restoration mechanisms in the fast-frequency activity bands. Further SCEDs or studies with control groups are needed to confirm these findings and the role of EEG biomarkers in rehabilitation.
获得性脑损伤（ABI）导致认知缺陷，改变与慢波（δ 和θ 频段）功率增加相关的脑活动，并降低快波（α、β和γ 频段）功率。为了弥补影响自主和生活质量的认知缺陷，慢性期患者可以受益于认知干预。
本研究通过脑电图（EEG）探讨认知干预对脑活动的影响，通过注意力表现测试（TAP）电池评估执行功能。
我们提供了一种生态康复干预，模拟适应慢性认知障碍患者的现实生活任务。采用单病例实验设计（SCED）评估患者在正确反应百分比（CRs）和反应时间（RTs）方面的表现，以及干预前后 1 个月的 EEG 频谱功率。TAP 任务包括工作记忆（WM）、分散注意（DA）、抑制（GO）和灵活性（FL）。在静息状态下还测量了 EEG 频率功率。
干预后 1 个月，FL 任务的 CRs 和 RTs 显著提高。在 FL、WM 和 DA 任务中，所有频段的功率都增加了，除了 DA 中的α频段。在 GO 任务中，干预后 delta 和 gamma 功率也增加了。在静息状态的 EEG 中没有发现显著变化。这项无对照组的开放性研究结果是初步的。
治疗的效果主要反映在心理 FL 表现的变化和认知任务中 EEG 模式的变化，特别是在慢波和快波频段。我们认为认知干预可以放大脑损伤后的代偿机制，并在快频带活动中促进恢复机制。需要进一步的 SCED 或有对照组的研究来证实这些发现和 EEG 生物标志物在康复中的作用。
