New York University - College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
International Academy of Ceramic Implantology, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Int J Implant Dent. 2024 Nov 22;10(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s40729-024-00578-3.
Both commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys are established biomaterials for implantation in bone and are widely used today in dentistry. Titanium particulates have been shown in some patient clusters to induce cellular immune mediators responsible for type I and IV hypersensitivity reactions, causing amplified corrosion, osteolysis, and increased odds of implant failure. Systemically, titanium particles were found to affect varying organ tissues and cause potentially harmful effects. In vivo and vitro studies have shown that titanium dental implant corrosion can be induced by factors relating to bio-tribocorrosion. In this literature review, the consequences of titanium implant corrosion and particulate dissemination are discussed and later juxtaposed against a promising novel implant material, zirconia. Zirconia offers characteristics similar to titanium along with additional advantages such as being non-corrosive and having a lower propensity for inducing immune responses. From the mounting evidence discussed in this article, metal allergy testing would be advantageous for choosing an appropriate implant material to minimize potential adverse effects on cellular functions of local and diffuse tissues. Objective: This literature review aims to elucidate and describe mechanisms in which titanium implants may become corroded and induce cellular aberrations both locally and systemically in vivo. Implications of this study provide supportive evidence regarding the selection of appropriate biomaterials for implant patients susceptible to mounting a hypersensitivity reaction to titanium.
商业纯钛和钛合金都是植入骨组织的成熟生物材料，目前在牙科领域广泛应用。在一些患者群体中，钛颗粒已被证实可引发细胞免疫介质，导致 I 型和 IV 型超敏反应，从而引起放大的腐蚀、骨溶解和增加植入物失败的几率。在体内和体外研究中，发现钛颗粒会影响不同的器官组织，并可能产生有害影响。体内和体外研究表明，生物摩擦腐蚀相关因素可诱发钛牙种植体腐蚀。在这篇文献综述中，讨论了钛植入物腐蚀和颗粒弥散的后果，并与一种有前途的新型植入材料氧化锆进行了对比。氧化锆具有与钛相似的特性，此外还具有不易腐蚀和不易引发免疫反应的优点。从本文讨论的大量证据来看，进行金属过敏测试对于选择合适的植入材料以最大程度地减少对局部和弥散组织细胞功能的潜在不良影响是有利的。目的：本文旨在阐明和描述钛植入物在体内局部和全身引发细胞异常的机制。本研究的意义为对可能对钛产生过敏反应的植入物患者选择合适的生物材料提供了支持性证据。
