Benvenuti Marcelo Frota, Bernardy João Lucas, de Toledo Thais Nogara, Santiago Jéssica, Siqueira José de Oliveira, Silveira Paulo Sergio Panse
Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721, São Paulo, 05508-030 SP Brazil.
National Institute of Science and Technology About Behavior, Cognition and Teaching (INCT-ECCE), São Paulo, Brazil.
Perspect Behav Sci. 2024 Sep 19;47(4):717-738. doi: 10.1007/s40614-024-00421-5. eCollection 2024 Dec.
In this paper, we review some results produced by our research group regarding the role of schedules of reinforcement in social behavior. We discuss data from studies in which we attempted to create conditions in which interdependent gains overlapped with individual reinforcement schedules so that these situations were more or less competitive and conflicting. We argue that normative rules about reinforcement schedules and interdependent reinforcement are crucial for analyzing social behavior since these rules allow us to differentiate the effects of individual and social contingencies or an interaction of both. Our analysis demonstrates that temporal criteria in social episodes may be especially relevant in characterizing social behavior. In these episodes, responding to someone who initiates the social episode (the follower's response under the control of the leader's response) can be characterized as responding in a simple limited hold schedule, or in a variable DRL schedule. Leader and follower behaviors may be united by interdependent reinforcement, but their connection is itself a single schedule of reinforcement.
在本文中，我们回顾了我们研究小组关于强化程序在社会行为中的作用所产生的一些结果。我们讨论了来自研究的数据，在这些研究中，我们试图创造条件，使相互依存的收益与个体强化程序重叠，以便这些情况或多或少具有竞争性和冲突性。我们认为，关于强化程序和相互依存强化的规范规则对于分析社会行为至关重要，因为这些规则使我们能够区分个体和社会偶然性的影响或两者的相互作用。我们的分析表明，社会事件中的时间标准在刻画社会行为时可能特别相关。在这些事件中，对发起社会事件的人做出反应（跟随者在领导者反应的控制下做出的反应）可以被描述为以简单的有限持有程序或可变的DRL程序做出反应。领导者和跟随者的行为可能通过相互依存的强化而结合在一起，但它们的联系本身就是一个单一的强化程序。
