[ protein design in the age of artificial intelligence].

Proteins with specific functions and characteristics play a crucial role in biomedicine and nanotechnology. protein design enables the customization of sequences to produce proteins with desired structures that do not exist in the nature. In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning-based generative models have increasingly become powerful tools, enabling the design of functional proteins with atomic-level precision. This article provides an overview of the evolution of protein design, with focus on the latest algorithmic models, and then analyzes existing challenges such as low design success rates, insufficient accuracy, and dependence on experimental validation. Furthermore, this article discusses the future trends in protein design, aiming to provide insights for researchers and practitioners in this field.