Shashank Chikamagalore Gopalakrishna, Sejian Veerasamy, Silpa Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan, Devaraj Chinnasamy, Madhusoodan Aradotlu Parameshwarappa, Rebez Ebenezer Binuni, Kalaignazhal Gajendirane, Sahoo Artabandhu, Dunshea Frank Rowland
Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India.
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet 605009, India.
BioTech (Basel). 2024 Nov 15;13(4):49. doi: 10.3390/biotech13040049.
The livestock sector, essential for maintaining food supply and security, encounters numerous obstacles as a result of climate change. Rising global populations exacerbate competition for natural resources, affecting feed quality and availability, heightening livestock disease risks, increasing heat stress, and contributing to biodiversity loss. Although various management and dietary interventions exist to alleviate these impacts, they often offer only short-lived solutions. We must take a more comprehensive approach to understanding how animals adapt to and endure their environments. One such approach is quantifying transcriptomes under different environments, which can uncover underlying pathways essential for livestock adaptation. This review explores the progress and techniques in studies that apply gene expression analysis to livestock production systems, focusing on their adaptation to climate change. We also attempt to identify various biomarkers and transcriptomic differences between species and pure/crossbred animals. Looking ahead, integrating emerging technologies such as spatialomics could further accelerate genetic improvements, enabling more thermoresilient and productive livestock in response to future climate fluctuations. Ultimately, insights from these studies will help optimize livestock production systems by identifying thermoresilient/desired animals for use in precise breeding programs to counter climate change.
畜牧业对于维持粮食供应和安全至关重要，但由于气候变化，该行业面临诸多障碍。全球人口增长加剧了对自然资源的竞争，影响饲料质量和供应，增加牲畜疾病风险，加剧热应激，并导致生物多样性丧失。尽管存在各种管理和饮食干预措施来减轻这些影响，但它们通常只能提供短期解决方案。我们必须采取更全面的方法来了解动物如何适应和承受其环境。一种这样的方法是量化不同环境下的转录组，这可以揭示牲畜适应所必需的潜在途径。本综述探讨了将基因表达分析应用于畜牧生产系统的研究进展和技术，重点关注它们对气候变化的适应。我们还试图识别物种之间以及纯种/杂交动物之间的各种生物标志物和转录组差异。展望未来，整合空间组学等新兴技术可以进一步加速遗传改良，培育出更耐热且高产的牲畜，以应对未来的气候波动。最终，这些研究的见解将有助于通过识别耐热/理想动物用于精准育种计划来应对气候变化，从而优化畜牧生产系统。
