Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Food Environ Virol. 2024 Nov 19;17(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s12560-024-09618-y.
The bourgeoning field of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for the surveillance of several respiratory viruses which includes Influenza A, H1N1pdm09, H3N2, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of interest for public health concerns. However, there are few long-term monitoring studies globally. In this study, respiratory viruses were detected and quantified from 11 sewer sheds by utilizing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in Pune city, India, from Jan 2022 to Dec 2023. The RNA fragments of respiratory viruses were detected in sewage samples before clinical cases were reported, underscoring the potential of WBE for early detection and monitoring within the population. The Spearman correlation of wastewater viral copies was positively and significantly correlated with the clinically positive case of H1N1pdm09 (ρ = 0.55, p = 1.4 × 10), H3N2 (ρ = 0.25, p = 9.9 × 10), and SARS-CoV-2 (ρ = 0.43, p = 4.1 × 10). The impact of public health interventions on the circulation of infectious respiratory diseases showed a significant difference in the viral load during the period when many preventing measures were carried out against the COVID-19 pandemic (restriction phase), compared to the period when no such preventive measures are followed (no-restriction phase) for Influenza A, H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and RSV with p-value < 0.05, which indicates the influence of health policy implementation in controlling disease spread. The present study provides an effective approach to detecting multiple respiratory viruses from wastewater and provides insights into the epidemiology of respiratory illnesses. The WBE aids in providing information on the spread of pathogens (viruses) in the community, offering a proactive strategy for public health management, allowing for timely interventions and implementing targeted measures to mitigate the spread of these viruses under one health approach.
新兴的基于污水的流行病学（WBE）领域用于监测多种呼吸道病毒，包括甲型流感、H1N1pdm09、H3N2、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），这引起了人们对公共卫生的关注。然而，全球范围内进行的长期监测研究很少。在这项研究中，利用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应分析，从印度浦那市的 11 个污水渠中检测和定量了呼吸道病毒。在临床病例报告之前，在污水样本中检测到了呼吸道病毒的 RNA 片段，这强调了 WBE 在人群中进行早期检测和监测的潜力。污水病毒拷贝数的斯皮尔曼相关性与 H1N1pdm09（ρ=0.55，p=1.4×10）、H3N2（ρ=0.25，p=9.9×10）和 SARS-CoV-2（ρ=0.43，p=4.1×10）的临床阳性病例呈正显著相关。公共卫生干预对传染性呼吸道疾病传播的影响表明，在 COVID-19 大流行期间实施了许多预防措施的限制阶段与没有采取这些预防措施的无限制阶段相比，流感 A、H1N1pdm09、H3N2 和 RSV 的病毒载量存在显著差异，p 值均小于 0.05，这表明卫生政策的实施对控制疾病传播有影响。本研究提供了一种从污水中检测多种呼吸道病毒的有效方法，并为呼吸道疾病的流行病学提供了见解。WBE 有助于提供社区中病原体（病毒）传播的信息，为公共卫生管理提供了一种主动策略，允许根据“One Health”方法，及时进行干预并实施有针对性的措施来减轻这些病毒的传播。
