Thurlow Fraser, McLaren Shaun J, Townshend Andrew, Morrison Matthew, Cowley Nicholas, Weakley Jonathon
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jan;25(1):e12217. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12217. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
We examined the effects of repeated sprint training (RST) session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes. In a randomised, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 healthy and trained male and female athletes (age: 23 ± 3 years) completed two sets of 10 × 40 m (10 × 40), 5 × 40 m (5 × 40), 10 × 20 m (10 × 20) and 5 × 20 m (5 × 20) sprints with 30 s rest between repetitions and 3 min rest between sets for all protocols. Average and peak heart rate, average oxygen consumption (VO), time >90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO), differential ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE training load (sRPE-TL), percentage sprint decrement (S), acceleration load and distance >90% of maximal sprint speed were recorded during each session. Neuromuscular performance (i.e. countermovement jump, lower-limb stiffness and isometric hamstring strength) were measured post-session, 24 h, and 48 h and compared to pre-session. A univariate analysis of variance was used to compare within- and between-protocol differences. To aid data interpretation, all effects were expressed as an effect size and accompanied by probability values (p). The 10 × 40 protocol induced the greatest training load compared to all other protocols (p < 0.05), including moderate to very large differences in breathlessness RPE, large differences in S and time >90% VO and very large differences in sRPE-TL. The 5 × 20 protocol induced the lowest training load compared to all other protocols (p < 0.05), including moderate to large differences in sRPE-TL and leg muscle RPE. Heart rate, VO, sRPE-TL, leg muscle RPE and S were similar between 5 × 40 and 10 × 20 (p < 0.05), but the acceleration load was greater for 10 × 20 when compared to 5 × 40 (p < 0.001), and this difference was large. Changes in neuromuscular performance across all timepoints and all protocols were unclear. Larger session volumes increase the demands of RST and by manipulating volume, sprint distance and the number of repetitions, practitioners can alter the internal and external training load.
我们研究了重复冲刺训练（RST）的训练量对急性生理、神经肌肉、感知和运动表现结果的影响。在一项随机、平衡和交叉设计中，14名健康且经过训练的男女运动员（年龄：23±3岁）完成了两组10×40米（10×40）、5×40米（5×40）、10×20米（10×20）和5×20米（5×20）的冲刺跑，所有方案中重复跑之间休息30秒，组间休息3分钟。记录每次训练期间的平均心率和峰值心率、平均耗氧量（VO）、超过最大耗氧量（VO）90%的时间、主观用力程度差异评分（RPE）、训练量-RPE训练负荷（sRPE-TL）、冲刺速度下降百分比（S）、加速负荷以及超过最大冲刺速度90%的距离。在训练后、24小时和48小时测量神经肌肉表现（即反向纵跳、下肢刚度和等长绳肌力量），并与训练前进行比较。采用单因素方差分析来比较不同方案内和不同方案间的差异。为了辅助数据解读，所有效应均以效应量表示，并伴有概率值（p）。与所有其他方案相比，10×40方案产生的训练负荷最大（p<0.05），包括在呼吸急促RPE方面存在中度到非常大的差异、在S和超过90%VO的时间方面存在较大差异以及在sRPE-TL方面存在非常大的差异。与所有其他方案相比，5×20方案产生的训练负荷最低（p<0.05），包括在sRPE-TL和腿部肌肉RPE方面存在中度到较大差异。5×40和10×20方案之间的心率、VO、sRPE-TL、腿部肌肉RPE和S相似（p<0.05），但与5×40相比，10×20方案的加速负荷更大（p<0.001），且这种差异很大。所有时间点和所有方案的神经肌肉表现变化均不明确。更大的训练量会增加RST的需求，通过控制训练量、冲刺距离和重复次数，从业者可以改变内部和外部训练负荷。
