School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo Campus, Brisbane, Australia.
St Joseph's Nudgee College, Boondall, Brisbane, Australia.
Sports Med. 2023 Aug;53(8):1559-1593. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01844-x. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
With the increasing professionalisation of youth sports, training load monitoring is increasingly common in adolescent athletes. However, the research examining the relationship between training load and changes in physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes is yet to be synthesised in a systematic review.
The aim of this review was to systematically examine the research assessing internal and external methods of monitoring training load and physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes.
Systematic searches of SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SCOPUS were undertaken from the earliest possible records to March 2022. Search terms included synonyms relevant to adolescents, athletes, physical qualities, injury, or illness. To be eligible for inclusion, articles were required to (1) be original research articles; (2) be published in a peer-reviewed journal; (3) include participants aged between 10 and 19 years and participating in competitive sport; (4) report a statistical relationship between a measure of internal and/or external load and physical qualities, injury or illness. Articles were screened and assessed for methodological quality. A best-evidence synthesis was conducted to identify trends in the relationships reported.
The electronic search yielded 4125 articles. Following screening and a review of references, 59 articles were included. The most commonly reported load monitoring tools were session ratings of perceived exertion (n = 29) and training duration (n = 22). Results of the best-evidence synthesis identified moderate evidence of positive relationships between resistance training volume load and improvement in strength, and between throw count and injury. However, evidence for other relationships between training load and change in physical qualities, injury, or illness were limited or inconsistent.
Practitioners should consider monitoring resistance training volume load for strength training. Additionally, where appropriate, monitoring throw counts may be useful in identifying injury risk. However, given the lack of clear relationships between singular measures of training load with physical qualities, injury, or illness, researchers should consider multivariate methods of analysing training load, as well as factors that may mediate the load-response relationship, such as maturation.
随着青少年体育的日益专业化，训练负荷监测在青少年运动员中越来越普遍。然而，关于训练负荷与青少年运动员身体素质变化、损伤或疾病之间关系的研究尚未在系统评价中综合分析。
本综述旨在系统评估监测青少年运动员训练负荷和身体素质、损伤或疾病的内部和外部方法的研究。
从最早的记录到 2022 年 3 月，对 SPORTDiscus、Web of Science、CINAHL 和 SCOPUS 进行了系统搜索。检索词包括与青少年、运动员、身体素质、损伤或疾病相关的同义词。为了符合纳入标准，文章必须（1）为原创研究文章；（2）发表在同行评议的期刊上；（3）包括年龄在 10 至 19 岁之间并参加竞技体育的参与者；（4）报告内部和/或外部负荷与身体素质、损伤或疾病之间的统计关系。文章经过筛选和方法学质量评估。进行最佳证据综合分析，以确定报告关系中的趋势。
电子搜索产生了 4125 篇文章。经过筛选和参考文献回顾，最终纳入了 59 篇文章。最常报告的负荷监测工具是运动后主观感觉等级（n=29）和训练持续时间（n=22）。最佳证据综合分析的结果确定了阻力训练量负荷与力量提高之间以及投掷次数与损伤之间存在中度正相关关系的证据。然而，训练负荷与身体素质变化、损伤或疾病之间其他关系的证据有限或不一致。
从业者应考虑监测力量训练的阻力训练量负荷。此外，在适当的情况下，监测投掷次数可能有助于识别受伤风险。然而，鉴于单一训练负荷测量与身体素质、损伤或疾病之间缺乏明确的关系，研究人员应考虑使用分析训练负荷的多变量方法，以及可能调节负荷-反应关系的因素，如成熟度。
