Chen Yixin, Yang Zhuo, Nian Bin, Yu Chenglin, Maimaiti Dilimulat, Chai Min, Yang Xinran, Zang Xiuxian, Xu Dahai
Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.
Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2024 Nov 21;20:2237-2254. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S479757. eCollection 2024.
Organophosphates (OPs) refers to a diverse group of phosphorus-containing organic compounds; they are widely used all over the world and have had an important beneficial impact on industrial and agricultural production and control of vector transmission. Exposure to OPs of different toxicities (high, moderate, slight, and low toxicity) can all have negative consequences on the nervous system, such as nausea, vomiting, muscle tremors, and convulsions. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure or even death. Notably, OPs induce neuropathy in the nervous system through specific interactions with nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, phosphorylating acetylcholinesterase, or neuropathic target esterases. This review summarizes the possible toxicological mechanisms and their interplay underlying OP pesticide poisoning, including cholinesterase inhibition and non-cholinesterase mechanisms. It outlines the possible links between OP pesticide poisoning and neurological disorders, such as dementia, neurodevelopmental diseases, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, it explores OP interactions' potential therapeutic implications that may help mitigate the deleterious impact of OPs on the nervous system.
有机磷酸酯（OPs）是指一类多样的含磷有机化合物；它们在全球广泛使用，对工农业生产及病媒传播控制产生了重要的有益影响。接触不同毒性（高毒、中毒、低毒和微毒）的有机磷酸酯都会对神经系统产生负面影响，如恶心、呕吐、肌肉震颤和抽搐。在严重情况下，会导致呼吸衰竭甚至死亡。值得注意的是，有机磷酸酯通过与烟碱样或毒蕈碱样受体特异性相互作用、使乙酰胆碱酯酶或神经毒性靶酯酶磷酸化，从而在神经系统中诱发神经病变。本综述总结了有机磷农药中毒潜在的毒理学机制及其相互作用，包括胆碱酯酶抑制和非胆碱酯酶机制。概述了有机磷农药中毒与神经疾病（如痴呆、神经发育疾病和帕金森病）之间可能的联系。此外，还探讨了有机磷酸酯相互作用的潜在治疗意义，这可能有助于减轻有机磷酸酯对神经系统的有害影响。
