Cuevas-Sierra Amanda, de la O Victor, Higuera-Gómez Andrea, Chero-Sandoval Lourdes, de Cuevillas Begoña, Martínez-Urbistondo María, Moreno-Torres Victor, Pintos-Pascual Ilduara, Castejón Raquel, Martínez J Alfredo
Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Nov 6;13(11):1358. doi: 10.3390/antiox13111358.
Chronic viral inflammation is associated with oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet (MD), with recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, modulates gut microorganisms, specifically on the interaction between extra virgin olive oil, a key component of the MD with well-documented antioxidant effects. This study investigated the influence of adherence to MD and antioxidant-rich foods (extra virgin olive oil) on biochemical, inflammatory, and microbiota profiles in patients with chronic inflammation defined as a prolonged inflammatory response due to immune dysregulation following the acute phase of the viral infection. Participants were classified into low (n = 54) and high (n = 134) MD adherence groups (cut-off of 7 points based on previous studies utilizing the same threshold in the assessment of MD adherence). Gut microbiota was sequenced using the 16S technique, and the adherence to MD was assessed using a validated questionnaire for a Spanish population. High adherence to the MD was linked to significant improvements in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including reductions in LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, an indicative of redox balance, as well as a significant higher consumption of antioxidant foods. Moreover, gut microbiota analysis revealed distinct compositional shifts and a lower abundance of the genus in the high adherence group. Notably, a significant interaction was observed between MD adherence and extra virgin olive oil consumption, with abundance influencing LDH levels, suggesting that the MD antioxidant properties may modulate inflammation through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms. These findings provide new evidence that adherence to the Mediterranean diet can reduce inflammatory markers in patients with long-COVID-19, a population that has not been extensively studied, while also highlighting the potential role of the bacterial genus in modulating this effect.
慢性病毒炎症与氧化应激及肠道微生物群变化有关。具有公认抗炎和抗氧化特性的地中海饮食（MD）可调节肠道微生物，特别是在特级初榨橄榄油（MD的关键成分，具有充分记录的抗氧化作用）之间的相互作用方面。本研究调查了坚持MD和富含抗氧化剂的食物（特级初榨橄榄油）对慢性炎症患者生化、炎症和微生物群谱的影响，慢性炎症定义为病毒感染急性期后由于免疫失调导致的长期炎症反应。参与者被分为低MD依从性组（n = 54）和高MD依从性组（n = 134）（根据先前研究在MD依从性评估中使用相同阈值设定的7分界限）。使用16S技术对肠道微生物群进行测序，并使用针对西班牙人群的有效问卷评估对MD的依从性。高MD依从性与炎症和氧化应激标志物的显著改善相关，包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平降低，这表明氧化还原平衡，以及抗氧化食物的摄入量显著增加。此外，肠道微生物群分析显示高依从性组中存在明显的组成变化和该属的丰度降低。值得注意的是，观察到MD依从性与特级初榨橄榄油消费之间存在显著相互作用，丰度影响LDH水平，表明MD的抗氧化特性可能通过肠道微生物群介导的机制调节炎症。这些发现提供了新的证据，即坚持地中海饮食可以降低长期新冠患者的炎症标志物，这一人群尚未得到广泛研究，同时也突出了该细菌属在调节这种效应中的潜在作用。
