AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 30;13(4):1141. doi: 10.3390/nu13041141.
The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV.
Individuals living with HIV ( = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed.
The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN-γ-producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. and abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells.
The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile.
富含特级初榨橄榄油和坚果的补充型地中海饮食（SMD）对非 HIV 感染者的健康影响已有充分记录。我们假设，即使在肠道微生物群发生改变的人群（如 HIV 感染者）中，SMD 的益处也可以通过肠道微生物群的变化来介导。
102 名 HIV 感染者被随机分配接受 SMD（每天 50 克特级初榨橄榄油和 30 克核桃）或继续常规饮食（对照组），为期 12 周。
采用 PREDIMED 研究中验证的 14 项 MD 依从性筛查器（MEDAS）评估地中海饮食的依从性。根据 MEDAS 评分对参与者进行亚组分类。
与对照组相比，SMD 组的血脂谱得到改善（总胆固醇和 B 脂蛋白差值）。与对照组相比，SMD 组的免疫激活（CD4+HLADR+CD38+和 CD8+HLADR+CD38+细胞）和 IFN-γ 产生 T 细胞在 12 周时显著下降，但对照组没有。高依从组的肠道微生物群在干预结束时呈现出显著更高的多样性和丰富度。和 的丰度受 MD 依从性的影响，并与 Treg 细胞显著相关。
地中海饮食改善了 HIV-1 感染者的代谢参数、免疫激活、Treg 功能和肠道微生物群组成。此外，地中海饮食在干预后增加了 的丰度，与有益的特征相关。
